People who cheat on tests accurately predict their performance on future tests

Studies suggest that people who cheat on a test overestimate their performance on future tests. Given that erroneous monitoring of one's own cognitive processes impairs learning and memory, this study investigated whether cheating on a test would harm monitoring accuracy on future tests. Participants had the incentive and opportunity to cheat on one (Experiments 1, 2, and 3, with N = 90, 88, and 102, respectively) or two (Experiment 4, N = 214) of four general-knowledge tests. Cheating produced overconfidence in global-level performance predictions in Experiment 2 (Cohen's d ≥ 0.35) but not in Experiments 1 or 4. Also, cheating did not affect the absolute or relative accuracy of item-level performance predictions in Experiments 3 or 4. A Bayesian meta-analysis of all experiments provided evidence against cheating-induced overconfidence in global- and item-level predictions. Overall, our results demonstrate that people who cheat on tests accurately predict their performance on future tests.     

Systematic Comparison of Decision Accuracy of Complex Compensatory Decision Rules Combining Multiple Tests in a Higher Education Context

This real‐data‐guided simulation study systematically evaluated the decision accuracy of complex decision rules combining multiple tests within different realistic curricula. Specifically, complex decision rules combining conjunctive aspects and compensatory aspects were evaluated. A conjunctive aspect requires a minimum level of performance, whereas a compensatory aspect requires an average level of performance. Simulations were performed to obtain students' true and observed score distributions and to manipulate several factors relevant to a higher education curriculum in practice. The results showed that the decision accuracy depends on the conjunctive (required minimum grade) and compensatory (required grade point average) aspects and their combination. Overall, within a complex compensatory decision rule the false negative rate is lower and the false positive rate higher compared to a conjunctive decision rule. For a conjunctive decision rule the reverse is true. Which rule is more accurate also depends on the average test reliability, average test correlation, and the number of reexaminations. This comparison highlights the importance of evaluating decision accuracy in high‐stake decisions, considering both the specific rule as well as the selected measures.     

浅谈系统误差的发现与消除

系统误差是影响测量结果精确度的主要因素,然而它又常不明显的表现出来。当它被忽视时,有时会对实验结果带来严重的影响,因此找出系统误差,算出它对结果的影响,设法修正或消除它的影响,是误差分析的一个重要内容。总结系统误差可能出现的几种类型,针对这几个类型,给出发现与消除系统误差的方法。     

标志法提高跳远运动员助跑节奏和准确性的研究

采用海绵砖标记和专门心理训练相结合的方法，对上海市嘉定一中的10名跳远运动员进行助跑节奏和准确性训练，实践表明，海绵砖标记对提高初级运动员助跑节奏和准确性尤其是最后几步助跑节奏有一定的作用，从而也提高了跳远的成绩。     

同等级仪表使用应注意的问题

介绍电表准确度在表盘上两种标记方法的差异,通过计算讨论了每种标记的严格区别.     

Promoting teachers’ algebraic reasoning and self-regulation with metacognitive guidance

This study investigates algebraic reasoning and self-regulation skills among elementary school teachers who participated in a professional development program either with IMPROVE metacognitive questioning (PD + Meta) or with no metacognitive guidance (PD). Sixty-four Israeli teachers participated in a 3-year program designed to enhance mathematical knowledge. Results indicated that the PD + Meta teachers outperformed the PD teachers on various algebraic procedural and real-life tasks regarding conceptual mathematical explanations. In addition, the PD + Meta group outperformed the PD group in using self-monitoring and evaluation strategies in algebraic problem solving. We discuss educational and practical implications.     

加权的布尔型文本匹配算法研究

本文分析了传统的布尔型文本匹配算法的弊端和缺陷,结合图书文本信息的快速、高效的检索匹配要求,提出了加权的布尔型文本匹配算法。该算法对传统的文本匹配算法中漏检、误检和模糊查询等方面的问题进行了加权处理和结果校正,既保证查询算法的高效与全面性,同时又有效地控制了匹配的准确度,为图书信息查询系统的建立提供一种更好的解决方法。     

发动机气缸高精度搪削的工艺探讨

从汽车发动机气缸搪削中常见的维修精度低、表面粗糙值达不到规定的要求等诸多问题进行了分析研究,找出了主要矛盾,并提出了改进方法.     

“语言输入说”对提高我国英语教师口语的意义

我国英语教学的基本国情是：中国人在中国学英语和中国人教英语,缺乏英语语言的真实情景,英语学习仍以课堂教学为主。根据语言学家克拉申的“语言输入说”的理论,一方面,教师在课堂上的英语口语输入对学生至关重要;另一方面,我国的英语教师本身也必须同时是英语学习者,需要大量的英语语言输入,提高自己口语的准确性和流利性,保证在课堂上给学生提供优质的语言输入。