不同类型运动技能保持特征的比较研究

以某大学普通专业107名学生为被试,考察不同类型运动技能的保持特征,并比较其差异。实验设计不同组织水平的武术套路项目(n=62)和皮艇球项目(n=45)。每组被试在完成9周36学时的技能学习任务后进行评分。随后随机分为5个小组,将1~5小组被试随机分配到1,2,6,15,31天的复测中,收集相应时间点的技能保持量,最后绘出保持率曲线。实验研究的结果表明:随着时间间隔的增加,不同组织水平动作技能的保持特征有所不同,并对这些差异存在的可能原因进行理论分析。     

“心理定向-动作速度合成”法在标枪技术教学中的应用研究

目前,体育院系的技术教学课时大幅减少,如何在有限的时间内完成教学任务,提高教学效能,成为每一位体育教学工作者面临的问题.本实验在标枪技术教学过程中,运用"心理定向-动作速度合成"教学法,将学生的心理活动与动作练习结合起来,对教学所需的心理结构进行定向构建和培养.结果表明:运用"心理定向一动作速度合成"法组织教学,能突出心理认知对技术的控制作用以及掷标枪技术的速度特点,有利于学生掌握完整动作技术,形成合理的运动节奏,能有效的加快教学进度,提高教学效率.     

Caution regarding exergames: a skill acquisition perspective

Background: The advent of technology use in physical education is upon us. But the implications of using exergames as a substitute for traditional physical education instruction for some students raise questions. Although exergames have the potential to increase energy expenditure and motivation in some children, it is less clear whether they can provide skill acquisition benefits that are similar to those found in traditional physical education.

Purpose: In a previous experiment from our laboratory, we found that deliberate practice can significantly reduce the planning time required for lateral arm movements. The purpose of this study was to determine if exergames can produce a similar effect, by reducing the processing time required for children to initiate arm movements to the contralateral and ipsilateral space.

Participants and setting: Thirty children (boys?=?15, girls?=?15), between the ages of 7 and 12 years, participated in a pre- and post-test each taking 30?min and one 30?min treatment session in a university laboratory.

Research design: A repeated measures design was employed to test the effects of deliberate laterality practice on processing speed. Children were randomly assigned (n?=?10) to either a Nintendo Wii tennis contralateral movement experimental group, Nintendo Wii bowling ipsilateral movement experimental group, or handheld video-game control group. Each child participated in one 30?min treatment session.

Data collection: Upper extremity choice reaction time (RT) was measured through 27 goal-directed aiming movements for each arm separately, during the pre-test and post-test. The stimulus–response trials occurred in three randomly presented directions (ipsilateral, contralateral, and midline).

Data analysis: A 3 (treatment group)?×?2 (age group)?×?2 (test)?×?3 (direction) mixed design analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors was used to test for significant differences, with an alpha level set at 0.05.

Findings: There were no significant treatment effects on RT across all groups indicating that a short bout of exergame training was unsuccessful in improving lateral movement processing.

Conclusions: Deliberate laterality practice using exergames did not improve the motor processing speed of lateral arm movements in the same manner of traditional physical education as indicated by our previous research. Explanations as to why exergames do not exhibit the same positive transfer for skill acquisition as traditional physical education instruction are discussed within this paper.     

Quiet eye training aids the long-term learning of throwing and catching in children: Preliminary evidence for a predictive control strategy

Abstract

Quiet eye training (QET) may be a more effective method for teaching children to catch than traditional training (TT) methods, but it is unclear if the benefits accrued persist in the long term. Thirty children were randomly allocated into a QET or TT group and, while wearing a mobile eye tracker, underwent baseline testing, training and two retention tests over a period of eight weeks, using a validated throw and catch task. During training, movement-related information was provided to both groups, while the QET group received additional instruction to increase the duration of their targeting fixation (QE1) on the wall prior to the throw, and pursuit tracking (QE2) period on the ball prior to catching. In both immediate (R1) and delayed (R2, six weeks later) retention tests, the QET group had a significantly longer QE1 duration and an earlier and longer QE2 duration, compared to the TT group, who revealed no improvements. A performance advantage was also found for the QET compared to the TT group at both R1 and R2, revealing the relatively robust nature of the visuomotor alterations. Regression analyses suggested that only the duration of QE1 predicted variance in catch success post-training, pointing to the importance of a pre-programming visuomotor strategy for successful throw and catch performance.     

The political skill and will of expatriates in acculturating to the politics of an organization in a new culture

This paper explores and conceptualizes the process through which expatriates acculturate to the politics of an organization in a new and dominant culture that differs from their origin culture. In addition to an overview of acculturation, we review research on the emergence and perception of political context in organizations, and on political skill and political will. We posit that politically-relevant situational characteristics in organizations and work interact with national culture to affect the intensity with which expatriates perceive politics in their organization. Based on their political skill (operationalized as high versus low) and their political will (operationalized in terms of concern for self versus concern for others), we describe the different political behavior expatriates will use as a means of acculturating to their political context and the effects those strategies have on their acculturative stress and individual effectiveness in the organization.     

重庆市制造业的绿色经济增长核算:2001—2010

基于生产前沿理论的绿色经济增长核算模型,不仅将技术无效率和环境代价纳入了分析框架,而且还与"物质平衡思路"一致;该模型将绿色经济增长的源泉分解为环境约束下的技术进步、技术效率变化和资本深化3大部分。对重庆市27个制造行业的经验分析结论表明:经济增长中普遍存在着技术无效率现象,但50%以上行业的技术效率都得到了改善或维持不变;资本深化是经济增长的主要源泉,而技术进步主导的全要素生产率变动在其中的贡献相对较小;技术进步是引致全要素生产率增长的主要原因。为充分发挥重庆市制造业可持续发展潜力,后续发展中必须转变经济发展方式,在环境约束下走技术进步和技术效率改善的绿色全要素生产率增长之路。     

大学英语阅读词汇获得策略的调查与分析

对高校非英语专业专科学生采取了随机抽样,以问卷调查的形式,通过描述性统计和定量分析,对非英语专业一、二年级学生的阅读情况进行了调查和分析。同时对学生英语阅读过程中词汇学习策略现状进行了调查,并对数据进行了统计和结果分析。     

高职院校学生实践技能学习质量评价指标体系的构建——以宁夏民族职业技术学院机电一体化专业为例

文章以机电一体化专业为例,依据人才培养目标进行专业建设,在明确机电一体化专业职业岗位能力的基础上,构建了以工作过程考核为原则的学生实践技能学习质量评价体系,以求实现教师的教学与学生职业能力的培养达成实效,促进学生职业技能水平的提高。     

跆拳道教学应"道艺"并重

跆拳道是一项极具东方特色的传统武技,在整个修炼过程中包含了严格的礼仪,充分体现了“道的含义”坚持“以礼始,以礼终,然而在跆拳道教学过程中,许多教师只是简单地起到传授技术的作用,只教会了学生跆拳道技术,而没有引导学生进行“悟道”,背离了跆拳道的发展思路。跆拳道作为一种体育项目,它吸引人的并不是简单的技术表层,而是蕴含在其中的文化价值。跆拳道运动是在修炼技艺的同时铸造人的道德品质,在课堂教学中应该寓道德品质的修炼于技术、素质的练习之中,做到“道艺”并重。     

新课标指导下的中学体育教学改革初探

文章以新课程标准为指导思想,针对课改实施中出现的新问题,提出了尝试性的体育教学改革,经过一年的实验,研究其对中学生的学习兴趣、学习态度、学习技能获得三个方面的影响,旨在探讨对中学生体育学习有益的教学内容模式、组织形式和教学方法。