Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中学美术学科的教学原则

本文从高师美术系《美术教育学》的教学实际出发,提出中学美术学科的教学原则,应在肯定《教育学》所列初中教学原则适用于本学科教学的基础卜,补充“审美性”、“创造性” 与“协调性”原则,分别阐述原则的含义、提出原则的依据以及原则运用的要点。其中关于“中学美术学科教学过程的特殊性,即在于教学内容的艺术属性和教学手段的审美特征”,关于“抽象思维与形象思维二者的高水平发展以及二者的协调和谐,是人创造活动必备的一种心理素质”,关于“协调性原则是辩证施教的原则,是一条‘运用原则’的原则”等创见,在教学理论研究方面具有一定的价值。     

Revisioning professionalism from the periphery

Abstract

The issue of who should be included and recognised as professionals in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) service system is both contested and pressing in the current policy climate. At stake is a high-quality early childhood care and education service system that is both responsive and appropriate to the constituency it serves. A review of the history of ECEC professionalism reveals complex entanglements and debates regarding professional belonging. Services that deliver education and care to children and families living in high poverty contexts are often excluded from ECEC professionalism debates. Drawing on notions of rationality, emotionality and criticality presented in recent accounts of ECEC professionalism, we use data collected from interviews with service providers delivering services to children and families living in high poverty contexts in Australia to develop an account of criticality that is pertinent to current funding and policy contexts. We argue that these service providers’ perspectives about their own professionalism have much to offer broader debates.     

试论孙犁小说创作中的童年情结

孙犁的小说与“保定作家群”乃至其他当代作家的作品相比,呈现了不同的美学特征,而孙犁的小说创作在前后期也体现出迥异的风格变形,这是作家小说美学机制调整和转型的结果,作为美学机制的一个要素的“童年情结”,对孙犁前后期小说风格的形成和变化起到了一定作用。     

Play in the Preschool Classroom: Its Socioemotional Significance and the Teacher’s Role in Play

The goals of this paper were two-fold. The first goal was to examine the emotional and social developmental value of play in the early childhood classroom. This issue is important because of the recent impetus for a more academic focus in early childhood classrooms, and questions about the developmental benefits of play. The second goal was to examine and discuss the role teachers could play in making play a developmental and educational experience. This is because understanding the significance of play could make teachers less apprehensive about using play to promote learning and development, and enable them answer questions regarding the value of play. Using these goals as a backdrop, this paper discussed views of children’s play; the defining characteristics of emotional and social development; play and the socioemotional development of children; and the role of early childhood teachers in children’s play.     

Early Education in Ethiopia: Progress and Prospects

Explored herein are historical roots of preschool through elementary grade education in the East Africa nation of Ethiopia. Also included are current difficult challenges to educational improvement as well as promising developments such as greater involvement of private institutions, organizations, and individuals in supporting Ministry of Education reform initiatives.     

伊朗伊拉克关系研究(1979-1991)

在过去40余年中，伊朗和伊拉克两国关系错综复杂，特别是在伊朗1979年革命以后，由于教派分歧、地区领导权争夺、领土纠纷等因素，两伊冲突呈加剧趋势，并且最终导致爆发两伊战争。海湾战争使两伊关系有所改善，但好景不长。随着冷战结束和地区形势变化，两国的国际处境越发困难，国内问题也层出不穷，因此在经历了革命与战争的磨难后，两国关系渐趋解冻并获绳一些发展，但前景仍不容乐观。     

论修女对西欧中世纪文化的贡献

西欧中世纪的修女院同男修道院一样,是当时的文化教育中心,受到系统教育的修女们在文化领域取得了一定成就,主要表现在:从事教育和传教事业;抄写手稿,装帧书籍,保存文化典籍;著书立说,其作品包括神秘主义著作、书信、戏剧、诗歌、音乐等。修女们之所以能取得这些成就,既与当时的社会大环境有关,也源于她们献身上帝、服务他人的信念和个人的天资与努力。     

美国犹太游说集团对国会及美国中东政策的影响

美国长期以来执行亲以色列政策,美国犹太人对此发挥了重要作用。本文论述美国犹太游说集团的内在资源及其对国会和美国中东政策的影响,从一个侧面展示出美国亲以色列政策形成的原因。     

论转型时期中产阶级的培育

我国现阶段中产阶级发展还处于起步期,表现在中产阶级队伍人数少、分布不合理、行业面窄等方面;我国中产阶级不发达是与我国现阶段生产力还不发达、城市化水平低、市场化程度不高等因素紧密相联的;要建成全面小康社会,使社会结构合理化,必须大力发展生产力、加快城市化步伐和优化产业结构、加快职业教育和高等教育发展步伐、调节高收入和保障低收入,为中产阶级的崛起提供良好的社会条件。