Childhood experiences of maltreatment,reflective functioning and attachment in adolescent and young adult mothers: Effects on mother-infant interaction and emotion regulation

BackgroundMaternal childhood experiences of maltreatment affect parenting and have consequences for a child’s social-emotional development. Adolescent mothers have a higher frequency of a history of maltreatment than adult mothers. However few studies have analyzed the interactions between adolescent mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment and their infants.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the effect of maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment on mother-infant emotion regulation at infant 3 months, considering both infant and mother individual emotion regulation and their mutual regulation.ParticipantsParticipants were 63 adolescent and young adult mother-infant dyads recruited at a hospital.MethodsThe mothers were administered the Adult Attachment Interview to evaluate reflective functioning and attachment and the Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse was used to evaluate maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment. Mother-infant interactions were coded with a modified version of the Infant Caregiver Engagement Phases.ResultsDyads with mothers with childhood maltreatment (vs dyads with mothers with no maltreatment) spent more time in negative emotional mutual regulation (p = .009) and less time in positive and neutral mutual emotion regulation (p = .019). Cumulative maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment were associated positively with mother and infant negative states at individual and dyadic level and with the AAI scales of Passivity and Unresolved Trauma (p < .05). The effect of cumulative maternal childhood experiences of maltreatment on mother-infant emotion regulation was direct and not mediated by maternal attachment and reflective function.ConclusionsMaternal childhood experiences of maltreatment increase the risk connected to early motherhood, affecting mother-infant emotion regulation.     

Adverse childhood experiences among Latina women and its association with mastery of stress and health

BackgroundAdverse childhood experience (ACE) and intimate partner violence (IPV) have sustained, deleterious effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined how to help Latina survivors of ACEs and/or IPV regain control of their health.ObjectiveTo inform interventions for this population, we examined whether mastery of stress and patient activation mediate the relationship between a history of ACE and/or IPV and mental and physical health.Participants and settingWe recruited 235 Latina women (M age = 29.6, SD = 5.75) from primary care clinics.MethodFor this cross-sectional study, we used linear regressions to examine the association between ACEs, history of IPV, and health, and the sobel’s test to determine whether patient activation and mastery of stress mediated the relationships between ACEs, IPV, and health.ResultsMost women reported at least one ACE (61.7%, n = 137) and 22.2% (n = 55) reported a history of IPV. Mastery of stress mediated the relationship between ACE and physical health (b= -3.16 p = .002) and mental health (b= -3.83, p < .001). Mastery of stress also mediated the relationship between history of IPV and physical health (b= -2.62, p = .008) and mental health (b= -2.74, p = .006). Patient activation was not associated with a history of trauma or mental health.ConclusionWhile past experiences of trauma cannot be changed, results from this study suggest that improving an individual’s mastery of stress may be a point of intervention for improving mental and physical health among survivors of ACEs and IPV.     

试析我国澳门地区幼儿园入学制度

对我国澳门地区的幼儿园教育模式、入学考核、收生方式、评审内容、计划与政策等进行多角度分析与比较,有助于深入了解当地的幼儿教育制度,从而参照相关细节,使我国建立完善的教育体制模型,达到平等教育的核心理念。同时,为确保幼儿教育产业的长期发展,使其受到社会各界的重视,改变以往对幼儿阶段学习与培训的漠视,开启孩童迈入教育的漫长道路,从而有利于教育事业的规划、提高人民的素养。     

长江中下游湖泊富营养化过程探析--以龙感湖为例

长江中下游是我国湖泊富营养化问题比较严重的地区，长江中游湖泊——龙感湖湖中心钻孔沉积物中硅藻组合和总磷变化记录了近百年来龙感湖富营养化过程．通过对沉积物中漫地花粉与入湖营养盐关系以及磁化率的分析表明，人类活动导致的漫地破坏和土壤侵蚀是龙感湖富营养化发生的原因，同时指出，流域农业化肥的使用导致了水质的进一步恶化。     

ICESat—GLAS测高数据在长江中下游湖泊水位变化监测中的应用

在全球气候变暖的背景下湖泊变化已是国内外地学界关注的环境问题,并日益受到各国政府和研究机构的重视。本文以长江中下游的6个典型湖泊为研究对象,基于2003年-2009年ICESat—GLAS测高数据,采用高斯滤波法对ICESat—GLAS测高数据所对应的回波进行去噪后,用于识别水体与陆地;采用融合算法从LandsatTM影像数据提取湖泊边界;提取湖泊边界内的ICESat—GLAS水位观测值构建了湖泊的年际和年内水位变化,进一步分析了6个湖泊的水位变化时空特征与原因。结果表明：从LandsatTM中提取湖泊边界的精度达到10m,ICESat—GLAS测高数据推算出洪泽湖蒋坝站、洞庭湖城陵矾站、鄱阳湖星子站和都昌站、太湖西山观测站、巢湖闸站和高邮湖高邮站的ICESat测高数据验证的平均精度分别为-3．9cm、-8．3cm、-9．0cm、-2．5cm、-3．1cm和-4．1cm;在整个观测期间,长江中下游流域的湖泊水位呈周期性波动,但较历史观测资料,湖泊平均水位有所降低,且自2006年10月以后三峡工程对洞庭湖的水位调控明显。     

黑龙江省中学体育教师继续教育的现状研究

运用文献资料法、调查访问法和数理统计法,对黑龙江省96名中学体育教师继续教育的现状进行了调查,发现黑龙江省中学体育教师继续教育的动机比较明确,参加的培训形式多样,培训内容基本能够满足体育教师的需求。同时指出黑龙江省中学体育教师继续教育现存模式的不足之处,并运用终身教育理论对黑龙江省中学体育教师继续教育工作加以完善,使继续教育模式更加适合中学素质教育的要求。     

中学生体质下降因素分析与对策研究

中学生体质下降的原因是多种因素共同作用的结果,包括学生自身因素、学校因素、家庭因素和社会因素等。中学生体质下降的最主要原因是学生自身因素造成的,改变学生自身原因需要从学校体育、体育课堂教学、家庭和社会多方面入手,才能得到根本性的解决。通过对黑河市七所城乡中学的实际调查,运用文献资料法对影响中学生体质下降的因素进行分析,发现中学体育教育发展中存在的问题,并提出相应的策略,为确保学生能加强锻炼,增强学生体质提供理论参考。     

中学体育活动伤害事故法律问题研究

校园学生伤害事故是目前社会普遍关心的热点问题,其中学校体育活动是校园学生伤害事故的多发区。本文通过对学校体育学生伤害事故法律责任的研究,分析中学体育活动中学生伤害事故发生的主要原因和特点,从法律视角来观察和审视其内部诸因素的联系,分析划分其法律责任、责任主体及法律后果;建议加强法制宣传和学习,制定及时可行的工作制度及预防应急措施。     

地方政府在农村中小学布局调整中的执行策略——基于模糊——冲突模型的分析

农村中小学布局调整不可避免地会遇到公平与效率的冲突,这种冲突在政策文本中被政策设计者采用模糊性的语言掩盖了,但在实践环节二者的矛盾是不能掩盖的,地方政府如何处理二者的关系直接影响着布局调整目标能否有效完成。模糊——冲突模型用模糊性与冲突性两个特性解释了该政策在执行过程中地方政府的权变策略,以减小可能遇到的冲突。