Effects of fluency training on reading competence in primary school children: The role of prosody

Reading fluency defined as speed, accuracy, and prosody, is a critical component of reading development. The purpose of this research was to compare the efficacy of automaticity versus prosody programmes on reading comprehension. The study included 122 Spanish primary-school children (74 second and 48 fourth graders), randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) automaticity training, which consisted of repeated reading with a focus on speed and accuracy plus phonological and orthographic awareness activities; (b) prosody training, which consisted of repeated reading with a focus on expressiveness plus prosody sensitivity activities; and a (c) ‘no treatment’ control group. Multiple measures were used to determine pre-post training performance in reading fluency—automaticity and prosody—and comprehension. Prosody training proved superior to automaticity training in promoting automaticity and prosody. Prosody and automaticity training in fourth graders resulted in superior sentence comprehension compared to controls. The importance of prosody for reading development in primary school is discussed.     

Early years teachers and the influence of Piaget: evidence from oral history

In studying the historical development of early years provision, a clear factor in raising its profile was the growth in scientific study of children, especially the reception and interpretation of Piaget's research. For an understanding of how the mediation of new thinking and new discoveries influenced students and teachers, textbooks provide an important documentary source, but evidence is also available through oral history in the living memories of practitioners themselves. This paper draws on the testimony of early years teachers who began their careers between 1927 and 1955 and continued teaching into the 1960s and 1970s. The account below begins with reflections on psychology and education in the early decades of the twentieth century drawn from a 1936 conference organised by the Nursery School Association of Great Britain, and from a widely used textbook that represents the gradual trend towards ‘fragmentation’ of educational theory into a multiplicity of disciplines. Reference is then made to two popular textbooks by prominent Froebelians, Brearley and Hitchfield, and by Ruth Beard illustrating the growing influence of Piaget as a post facto rationale for a pedagogy that was proceeding by instinct. Walkerdine, Lister and Hall are researchers who have investigated from various angles the impact of Piagetian psychology on primary practice, but the process whereby this translation from the laboratory to the classroom takes place is one that demands further investigation. Vital evidence lies in the living memories of early years teachers whose careers spanned the 1930s to the 1970s and a rich quality and personal texture of the data is apparent as retired early years teachers recounted their professional careers. It offers a more complex account than the grand narratives that historians have traditionally compiled from purely documentary evidence centring on great thinkers, key texts and policy initiatives. The role of in‐service education was clearly important in the experiences recalled in this paper. Above all we find evidence of a distinctive shift in teacher–child relationships over that historical period and of the contribution made to this by psychological theory, epitomised in the figure of Piaget and in his focus on the individual learner.     

企业员工培训易产生的误区及对策思路

本文分析了当前我国很多企业在员工培训工作中容易产生的一些误区,针对这些误区提出了相应建议和对策。     

教师专业发展的新探索:大学支持下的项目研修模式研究与应用案例

大学支持下的项目研修模式是校本研修的一种重要模式,也是大学与中小学创建合作伙伴关系下的一种重要的教师专业发展模式。本文中,我们通过自己的实践,阐述项目研修的过程;通过对实践的反思,促进对项目研修模式的进一步研究。     

科学探究能力在科学教学中的培养

科学探究的方法和过程。既可以使初中生亲身体验到探究的乐趣。经历科学探究活动的过程，又可以使学生逐步提高探究能力，文章从多方面阐述了如何在中学生日常科学教学中。培养学生的科学探究能力。     

英国入职教师教育国家课程探析

英国入职教师教育国家课程对合格教师资格标准,课程总要求,英语、数学、科学和信息交流技术在学科教学中的应用等几个方面进行了规定,并提出了较为具体的要求。实施其课程的目标是达成合格教师资格标准。该课程具有实践性,注重信息交流技术在学科教学中的作用,注重中小学在教师教育课程中的作用。这些启示我们要尽快制定教师资格标准,强化实践性入职教师教育课程并注重对其实施效果进行指导和监督。     

《孙子兵法》对企业商战的启迪

从当前我国企业面对国内国际竞争形势的十个方面,即企业战略、市场开拓、掌握市场竞争主动权、适应市场变化、居安思危、造势、企业领导人素质要求、领导艺术与团结职工等方面通过改革开放以来一些企业成败案例分析,联系《孙子兵法》中阐述的一些观点,可以清楚地看到孙子的光辉思想在今天对指导市场竞争、提高企业素质的点化作用与现实意义。     

齐国兵学文化与《孙子兵法》

齐国大地军事家辈出,兵法著作内容宏富,孙武生长于泱泱大国的古老齐国,齐国是中国的兵学发源地,先秦的主要兵书出自齐地,孙武的兵学思想上承源远流长的齐国兵学传统流脉,深深承受于地域文明滋养,深深打上了齐文化的印痕。在中国兵学发展历史上,从姜尚到孙武再到其后的孙膑,形成了源远流长而又一脉相承的齐国兵学文化传统。     

对高职院校领导班子建设的几点看法

高职院校领导班子建设问题至关重要，虽得到多级党委和政府的重视。但由于种种原因仍存着一些不容忽视的问题。诸如：只讲了中的“代表”性，不注重“管用”性；不是以工作需要出发，而是从领导机关需要安排人的目的出发，缺少有组织的统一培训，管理规则还没有完全理顺。文章认为加强高职院校领导班子建设应当采取的措施是：多级党委要按“三个代表”的要求和邓小平同志干部人事制度改革的思想，高是视这项工作；进一步明确配备标准，建立，健全对实行标准的监督制约机制，大力加强了成员和后备干部的培训。     

创造教育的目的性思考

我国要在 2 1世纪激烈的国际竞争中处于主动地位 ,就必须把培养高素质人才 ,尤其是把培养社会责任感、创造精神、创新能力和综合素质摆到突出的位置。这样 ,创造教育就显得尤为重要。但创造教育的期望与目的 ,与目前的教育教学现状有诸多相悖之处 ,如不转变教育和教学思想 ,对培养模式、教学内容和教学方法进行改革 ,创造教育也只是一句空话。