基于蒙特卡罗模拟的不同聚合温度下的丙烯聚合动力学研究

在不考虑其他杂质参与聚合反应的情况下,并基于已有对丙烯聚合反应过程的普适化认识,提出了一个普适的丙烯聚合反应机理(基元反应).在已有的丙烯聚合反应机理基础上,为了证实该聚合反应过程总活性基是否满足“稳态假定”以及考察聚合反应温度对聚合过程的影响,采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法研究了传统Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化下的丙烯聚合动力学.模拟得到的总活性基数目在丙烯聚合初期快速增加到峰值,然后随聚合反应的进行保持恒定,证实了丙烯聚合过程中总活性基符合稳态假定.同时,模拟得到了聚合温度对丙烯聚合过程的转化率、分子量的影响.模拟结果表明:在聚合过程中,丙烯单体的消耗速率随聚合温度升高而增加;不同聚合温度下的数均聚合度峰值相同,但随温度增加,数均聚合度峰值来得早;随聚合温度增加,数均分子量减少,分子量分布变宽.     

Improved elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410─further optimization and kinetics studies of culture medium for batch fermentation

INTRODUCTION Elastase is an enzyme that attacks and solubi-lizes elastin. As elastase can degrade elastin (Mori-hara, 1967) that other proteases cannot; it has broad applications in medical therapy, food processing and daily use chemicals industry. Considerable eff- orts were made to screen the elastase-producing strains, to study its pathogen effect and its charac-terizations (Tsuzuki and Oka, 1965; Tsai et al., 1988; Sharon et al., 1997; Ozaki and Shiio, 1975). Shiio, 1975). Reporte…     

对广义二力平衡原理的探讨

本文把二力平衡原理从静力学到动力学推广到完整系统和非完整系统．认为所有经典力学原理都具有“相似性”,且阐述同一力学规律时,它们是“等价”的,其广义力可相互推导．     

酶促反应动力学米氏常数的意义及在体育中的应用

本文探讨米氏常数对酶研究的重要意义及酶促动力学在体育教学、训练中的应用     

配合物K3[Al（C2O4）3]·3H2O的热分解反应及其动力学研究

采用TG—DSC方法研究了配合物K3[Al（C2O4）3]·3H2O的热分解反应过程,对其进行了动力学计算。由Friedman、Ozawa—Flynn—Wall、ASTME698三种方法得出峰温时的活化能值与指前因子值。应用Achar方法计算拟舍得到了最佳的机理函数。     

Kinetic and kinematic analysis of stamping impacts during simulated rucking in rugby union

Laceration injuries account for up to 23% of injuries in rugby union. They are frequently caused by studded footwear as a result of a player stamping onto another player during the ruck. Little is known about the kinetics and kinematics of rugby stamping impacts; current test methods assessing laceration injury risk of stud designs therefore lack informed test parameters. In this study, twelve participants stamped on an anthropomorphic test device in a one-on-one simulated ruck setting. Velocity and inclination angle of the foot prior to impact was determined from high-speed video footage. Total stamping force and individual stud force were measured using pressure sensors. Mean foot inbound velocity was 4.3 m ? s^?1 (range 2.1–6.3 m ? s^?1). Mean peak total force was 1246 N and mean peak stud force was 214 N. The total mean effective mass during stamping was 6.6 kg (range: 1.6–13.5 kg) and stud effective mass was 1.2 kg (range: 0.5–2.9 kg). These results provide representative test parameters for mechanical test devices designed to assess laceration injury risk of studded footwear for rugby union.     

Comparative study on activating fly ash by quick lime and slaked lime: effects and kinetics

Lime, which is a frequently used activating agent of fly ash （FA）, has two main states： slaked lime and quick lime. We studied the effects of slaked lime and quick lime on activating FA, and discussed their kinetics. The results show that slaked lime is more beneficial for activating FA than quick lime given the condition of equivalent CaO amount. The use of slaked lime has superiority in technology and economy on activating FA. Theoretical analysis revealed that the kinetic constant of the activation reaction using slaked lime is higher than using quick lime, credited to the better volume stability and fineness, and smaller water demand of slaked lime.     

国家优秀女子速滑运动员直道滑行中下肢功率情况分析

为了有效评价运动员下肢各环节在蹬冰过程中的贡献情况,借助爱捷三维录像解析系统和CY-BEXNORM等动测试装置获得国家健将级女子速滑运动员的运动学和动力学数据,并采用牛顿差值计算方法计算出与实际运动学数据相对应的关节力矩,在此基础上计算出下肢各环节在蹬冰时功率输出值。研究结果表明:髋关节在单支撑阶段适当伸展,有利于增加整个蹬冰阶段的大腿功率输出;高速度、大角度伸膝肌群肌力差,引起两人小腿峰值功率过早出现,减少双支撑蹬冰阶段功率输出;踝关节肌力不足,刻意展踝,加重了伸小腿肌力不足现象,减少小腿在整个蹬冰过程中的作用。     

Effect of movement speed on trunk and hip exercise performance

Abstract

The influence of speed on trunk exercise technique is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of movement speed on the kinematics and kinetics of curl-up, sit-up and leg raising/lowering exercises. Seventeen healthy, recreationally trained individuals (13 females and 4 males) volunteered to participate in this study. Four different exercise cadences were analysed: 1 repetition/4 s, 1 repetition/2 s, 1 repetition/1.5 s and 1 repetition/1 s. The exercises were executed on a force plate and recorded by three cameras to conduct a 3D photogrammetric analysis. The cephalo-caudal displacement of the centre of pressure and range of motion (ROM) of six joints describing the trunk and hip movements were measured. As sit-up and curl-up speed increased, hip and knee ROM increased. Dorsal-lumbar and upper trunk ROM increased with speed in the curl-up. Faster cadence in the sit-up exercise had minimal effect on trunk ROM: only the upper trunk ROM decreased significantly. In the leg raising/lowering exercise there was a decrease in the pelvic tilt and hip ROM, and increased knee flexion ROM. During higher speed exercises, participants modified their technique to maintain the cadence. Thus, professionals would do well to monitor and control participants' technique during high-speed exercises to maintain performance specificity. Results also suggest division of speed into two cadence categories, to be used as a reference for prescribing exercise speed based on preferred outcome goals.