新疆文化旅游发展路径选择

文章从新疆"十二五"期间旅游发展规划和文化旅游特征进行分析,充分挖掘新疆文化旅游的内涵。文本以新疆独特的地缘、人文优势为基础,研究了当前新疆文化旅游发展的状况,存在的问题以及发展趋势,并建构新疆文化旅游发展具体路径,实现新疆旅游业培育成为新疆经济的战略性支柱产业,为新疆跨越式发展和长治久安服务。     

Differences of math anxiety groups based on two measurements,MASS and EEG

This article investigated how mathematic anxiety (MA) of Korean middle school students could be reduced by comparing analytically their cognitive neuroscience and questionnaire results. We developed a three-hour Complex Treatment Program (CTP) on quadratic functions for the study. In the summer of 2016, we collected data of the pre and post MA questionnaires by Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Students (MASS), the percent of correct answers (PCA) and reaction time (RT) by E-prime program, and also brain-imaging data of the event related potentials (ERP) by Electroencephalograph (EEG) using computer-based functional F-G model. The result indicated the CTP to be effective with the group with higher math anxiety and the group with higher achievement respectively. The MASS result was verified with the better performance of PCA on type G, which was measured by E-prime program. Some interesting patterns were revealed on brain-imaging data by EEG, indicating more brain activities with the MA groups.     

我国空间科学卫星任务国际合作管理实践与思考——以中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项为例

国际合作是空间科学发展的客观需要,也是我国走近世界空间科学舞台中央的必由之路。中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项(以下简称"空间科学先导专项")的空间科学卫星系列任务在全生命周期的创新发展链条上开展了全面、广泛、全方位、多层次的实质性国际合作,合作伙伴涉及欧洲空间局、欧洲主要航天国家,以及美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、新加坡等。空间科学先导专项通过建立双边战略研讨机制、共建国际研究机构,促进国际交流与合作,深化任务的国际论证,以及优选先进的科学探测仪器,确保科学目标的原创性和重大性。通过加强合作任务的工程管理和科学管理,实行"项目双首席科学家"和"载荷科学家"模式,促进重大成果产出。文章梳理了空间科学卫星系列任务的国际合作情况,重点阐述对不同层级国际合作的管理实践,对事关国际合作成败的常见问题进行思考并提出了对策建议,力求为后续国际合作任务管理提供重要参考。     

统计降尺度法分析太湖流域未来气候变化情景

大气环流模型(GCMs)预测的气候变化情景,需通过降尺度处理得出区域尺度上未来气候变化的时空分布信息,才能满足气候变化对资源、环境和社会经济等影响进行评估的需要。本文简单介绍了目前降尺度模式的研究现状,重点分析了统计降尺度的优缺点及适用性,并应用太湖流域7个气象站点基准期(1961年～1990年)日最高气温和最低气温实测资料,对统计降尺度模型(SDSM)进行率定和验证,确定模型应用的预报因子变量,建立未来3个时期(2020s、2050s和2080s)的气温变化情景。结果表明,SDSM模型对于太湖流域日最高气温和最低气温的模拟效果较好,可以很好地模拟太湖流域未来的气温变化。与基准期相比,A2、B2情景下,太湖流域未来3个时期的日最高和最低气温变化情景都表现出明显的上升趋势,且随时间推移增幅明显增大;流域未来3个时期气温的季节变化较为明显,其中冬季增温最显著,秋季次之,春季和夏季变化相对较小。分析成果可为太湖流域未来气候变化情景的构建提供科学依据,以期为决策支持部门提供参考。     

基于GIMMS AVHRR NDVI数据的三北防护林工程区植被覆盖动态变化

本文基于1982年-2006年连续25a的GIMMS AVHRR NDVI植被覆盖指数,采用了最大化NDVI均值法、提取植被覆盖度法和一元线性回归趋势分析方法,对中国三北防护林工程区的四大建设区（风沙区,西北荒漠区,黄土高原丘陵沟壑区和东北、华北平原区）连续25a的植被覆盖时空变化特征进行了动态变化研究。结果表明：①近25a来,研究区植被NDVI平均值总体呈缓慢上升趋势,增速为0.007/10a,其中风沙区和东北、华北平原区植被增速最明显,而西北荒漠区植被呈微弱下降趋势;②四大建设区植被覆盖度有不同程度提高,其中黄土高原沟壑区植被覆盖度上升最快,比1982年提高了9.66%;③在1982年-1991年、1992年-2001年、2002年-2006年三个时期内,大兴安岭中、南部,小兴安岭中部,长白山东北段,燕山,辽西低山丘陵区,阿尔泰山,天山,祁连山东段,西北荒漠区东部和黄土高原丘陵沟壑区南部等地区的植被覆盖面积分别增加了472994km2、451032km2、435196km2;而在相同的三个时期,大兴安岭两侧,呼伦贝尔高原西部,三江平原北部,科尔沁沙地南端,西北荒漠区南部和黄土高原丘陵沟壑区北部等地区的植被覆盖面积分别减少了197717km2、270192km2、182690km2。     

中国全民健身工程发展的现状与特征研究

全民健身工程是实施全民健身计划的主要物质载体。通过对我国全民健身工程现状的分析，揭示出其四个显特征：全民健身工程投资的规模增大、资金来源的模式不断创新，东、中、西部地区发展投资和配置模式呈现多元趋势，东、中和西部地区的投资和配套模式具有显性区别，国家对西部地区体育设施建设的关注度越来越大，全民健身工程开始由城市社区向农村乡镇、村庄扩展。     

欧洲学分转换系统的发展及其启示

回顾了欧洲学分转换系统的发展,并分析了这一系统存在的问题和矛盾.研究认为学分互换得到各国普遍认同和重视,但学分互换还在探索中前进,尚未形成定式,高校学分互换的推行需要有一强有力机制推动.     

The male–female gap in post-baccalaureate school quality

Women are less likely than men to earn degrees from high quality post-baccalaureate programs, and this tendency has been growing over time. I show that, aside from the biomedical sciences, this cannot be explained by changes in the type of program where women tend to earn degrees. Instead, sorting by quality within degree program is the main contributor to the growing gap. Most of this sorting is due to the initial choice in which program type to apply to. No gender differences in selection with respect to ability or program quality arise as students progress through the admissions, enrollment or persistence choices.     

Incentives for teacher relocation: Evidence from the Gambian hardship allowance

We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30–40% to primary school teachers in remote locations, on the distribution and characteristics of teachers across schools. A geographic discontinuity in the policy's implementation and the presence of common pre-treatment trends between hardship and non-hardship schools provide sources of identifying variation. We find that the hardship allowance increased the share of qualified (certified) teachers by 10 percentage points. The policy also reduced the pupil–qualified teacher ratio by 27, or 61% of the mean, in recipient schools close to the distance threshold. Further analysis suggests that these gains were not merely the result of teachers switching from non-hardship to hardship schools. With similar policies in place in more than two dozen other developing countries, our study provides an important piece of evidence on their effectiveness.     

Problems of secondary education in rural Iran: An anthropological view1

Statistics on implementing secondary education in rural Iran indicate that such a process has not been successful. Data gathered by the author during 1974/75 fieldwork support such a conclusion. It is suggested that lack of success of secondary education in rural Iran may be attributed to some cultural and economic factors which vary for men and women. The importance of the modesty code and observation of purdah (seclusio?) may account for the low enrollment of females in secondary education in rural areas. However, the need for agricultural laborers in the villages may account for the low attendance of males. Background to the development of modern education is presented.