中国四省市与新加坡学生科学素养表现之比较——基于PISA2015数据的分析

PISA2015科学素养测试结果于2016年底正式公布后,受到社会各界的广泛关注。研究者从OECD在线公布的数据库中选取中国四省市与新加坡的有关数据,对两个经济体15岁在校生的科学素养表现进行比较分析,并通过多水平分析探讨影响学生科学素养的关键因素。结果发现:中国四省市学生在科学素养测试总量表及各分量表上的成绩均非常显著地低于新加坡学生,分差在32.82~43.29之间,效应量达到中等强度;中国四省市学生在工具性动机上得分非常显著地高于新加坡学生,但在科学乐趣与科学自我效能得分上非常显著地低于新加坡学生;在影响因素方面,家庭经济、社会和文化地位、科学乐趣、科学课纪律氛围、教师中科学教师的比例等因素对两个经济体的学生成绩具有显著正向预测效应,但考试焦虑、工具性动机、教师探究式教学等因素表现出显著的负向预测效应。中国四省市要有意识地借鉴新加坡教育经验,改革与完善科学教育,具体建议有:(1)进一步推动课程与教学改革,重视探究式教学与学生批判性思维的培养;(2)加强学校人力资源管理,提高教师专业水平;(3)关注学生非认知表现,激发学生科学学习的内部动机。     

The potential role of citizen conservation in re-shaping approaches to murals in an urban context

Public visual spaces, populated by a blend of community murals, unauthorised street art, and historic painted mercantile signs, are often the mark of an urban environment that is both progressive and eclectic. Changes in the aesthetic and cultural value of these urban mural forms have led to an increase in the appreciation and, in some instances, promotion of their artistic merit and cultural significance as examples of public art. However, examining the significance of these works, with a view to implementing a conservation approach is problematic. This is due to a number of practical and theoretical considerations that are primarily a result of the ephemeral existence of urban murals outside conventional exhibition spaces, and issues associated with their often fragmented ownership and uncertain authorship. Consequently, larger thinking on the interpretation, conservation assessment, and advocacy for the conservation of urban murals are required. Key to defining and implementing such strategies is contextualising the public visual spaces that these murals occupy and, as part of this, the local and wider communities’ perception of these murals as culturally significant objects as well as fostering awareness and understanding of appropriate measures aimed at their conservation. This paper examines the role of citizen science, or crowd-sourcing, of local community members in establishing a conservation dialogue and generating conservation- relevant data on urban murals. It looks specifically at a project involving a collection of in situ historic painted mercantile signs — also known as ghost signs — in the City of Port Phillip, Melbourne, Australia. The project fostered the establishment of an informed and open dialogue between conservation specialists and participants from the local community on the significance of local ghost signs whilst transferring knowledge on conservation processes and assessment methods. Working directly with community members, a programme was designed in which conservation and community knowledge of these urban art forms, could be collected and exchanged across digital platforms. This enabled researchers to examine how citizen science can be utilised as a research tool as well as a means to advocate for the conservation of collections of urban murals. It created the opportunity to consider the role of non-specialists and shared authorities in the collection and collation of conservation- relevant data and how information generated from what we call citizen conservation projects, can inform the way in which conservators evaluate and prioritize the conservation of urban cultural heritage. The data gathered and interpreted proved to be the most effective means of ‘conserving’ these often ephemeral forms of cultural material.     

李政道科学艺术观给教育的启示

李政道的科学与艺术观给数育的启示是：求实创新是教育的出路；未来教育科学与艺术并重；理论和实践相结合有利于人才的培养；科学与艺术的结合是时代发展的必然。     

数据治理——图书馆事业的发展机遇

数据驱动发现成为一种新的科学进步路线,产生了新的知识服务对象:愈加重视数据的科学家和工程师、数据科学家、数据工程师、数据分析师、公民科学家等。数据获取需要依靠国家的行政命令、资助机构的政策、研究机构和大学的管理办法等。数据共享存在于不同学科,而且已具备了基础设施,诸如:数据中心、数据云、数据知识库与数据期刊、信息技术中心、数字资源中心等。数据重用需要公共部门、企业、公众、利益相关方在“尽可能地开放,尽责任地封闭”前提下,采取协调一致的行动。在这里,数据馆员扮演重要角色。数据治理生态体系需要图书馆执行数据获取、数据共享、数据重用的政策。通过不断寻找和搜集最佳实践案例,图书馆可以支持数据治理。参考文献79。     

那一天

When 1,000 words is worth a picture (or story) Every dog has his day.And evidently, so does every minuscule detail of modern society, including the cliché.Not to beat around the bush about it; we’ll just come right out and tell you that, as hard as this fact may be to swallow, today is National Cliché Day.     

国外数据科学研究的回顾与展望

[目的/意义]随着大数据的发展,数据科学已经成为新的研究领域。厘清国外数据科学的发展与研究现状,可为我国今后的研究提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]利用Web of Science核心合集数据库对国外有关数据科学的文献进行检索,并对作者、研究方向等外部特征与关键词、主题等内容特征做计量分析;在此基础上,通过逐篇阅读与归类,从数据科学的内涵界定与应用方向两大方面进行综合分析。[结果/结论]最后,结合现有研究面临的问题与解决的方法,对数据科学的未来进行展望。     

An Interview with Arlene G. Taylor

In this interview, conducted via email during August 2016, Dr. Arlene G. Taylor discusses her career as a cataloger, professor of cataloging and classification, and her work in professional associations. Topics include her early cataloging and teaching experiences, changes in both cataloging practice and the teaching of cataloging, subject analysis, and “aboutness” as compared with form/genre access, professional experiences outside the United States, and the future of MLIS programs.     

现代图书馆学研究方法的发展和特征分析——基于Library quarterly的内容分析

[目的/意义] 梳理和总结现代图书馆学研究方法的演变历程和发展特征,对于图书馆学研究者理解、选择和使用研究方法具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 采用内容分析法对Library quarterly创刊至今所载研究性论文使用的研究方法进行归类、统计和分析。[结果/结论] 结果显示,现代图书馆学研究方法的演变过程实则是对实证方法的扬弃过程,当前图书馆学研究呈现出研究方法多元化的特点。     

论当代青年学生实现人生价值最大化的捷径

充分开发和利用人力资源是时代的主流，用有限的人生成本去创造无限的生命价值，为社会做贡献，成为当代人生的价值取向。当代青年学生珍惜受教育的机会，夯实人生发展的基础是实现人生价值最大化的捷径。     

我国啦啦操研究综述

通过对2006-2015年10年间啦啦操科研文献所涉及的内容,将其划分为3个层面进行研究综述,客观反映啦啦操科学研究的内容和水准,找出目前啦啦操科学研究中所存在的部分问题,有助于明确啦啦操科学研究的方向。