Transport of Asian surface pollutants to the global stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region during the Asian summer monsoon

Due to its surrounding strong and deep Asian summer monsoon (ASM) circulation and active surface pollutant emissions, surface pollutants are transported to the stratosphere from the Tibetan Plateau region, which may have critical impacts on global climate through chemical, microphysical and radiative processes. This article reviews major recent advances in research regarding troposphere–stratosphere transport from the region of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the total ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from satellite observations in the early 1990s, new satellite-borne instruments have become operational and have provided significant new information on atmospheric composition. In addition, in situ measurements and model simulations are used to investigate deep convection and the ASM anticyclone, surface sources and pathways, atmospheric chemical transformations and the impact on global climate. Also challenges are discussed for further understanding critical questions on microphysics and microchemistry in clouds during the pathway to the global stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau.     

Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017

Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM_2.5 concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ∼7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO₂, NO₂ and CO (a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM_2.5 concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future.     

浙江省高校教师身体成分测试与评价

对浙江省高校教师身体成分测试结果进行分析,结果表明：随着年龄的增加,教师的PBF、WHR、BMI、细胞内外液、蛋白质、无机盐、体脂肪逐渐增大,且各指标存在非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）;女教师的超重、肥胖、向心性肥胖、隐性肥胖的发生率普遍高于男教师;教师的左右上下肢、躯干的水分随着年龄的增长有不同程度的增长,上肢左右侧水分呈非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）,下肢左右侧水分存在性别差异,上肢左右对称性存在非常显著性差异（P〈0.01）,下肢左右对称性差异不大。     

散打训练对人体骨密度和身体成分的影响及相关性研究

为了研究散打运动员的骨质水平、身体成分的结构比例以及二者的相关性,采用HOLOGIC公司的双能BMD测试仪和Biospace InBody 3.0人体成分分析仪对40名专业散打运动员和40名普通对照组的人体骨密度(BMD)及身体成分进行了测试分析。结果表明:1)散打运动员的掌骨、尺桡骨、腰椎、股骨、胫腓骨和跖骨部位的骨密度(BMD)与对照组相比差异具有高度显著性(P≤0.01),可以得出,散打训练改善了人体的骨密度(BMD),提高了人体骨质水平;2)通过对散打运动员的身体成分与普通对照组进行分析,得出运动员身体成分的各项指标明显优于普通对照组,身体成分结构比例更加合理;3)人体的骨密度(BMD)与身体成分中的去脂体重(LBM)具有密切的正相关性,并且二者的相关性受散打训练的影响不明显。可以推出,人体去脂体重(LBM)能够作为评定散打运动员的骨质水平的重要指标。建议对散打运动员的骨密度(BMD)和身体成分进行定期测定,掌握散打运动员的骨质状况及身体成分结构比例,为科学合理地安排散打训练提供理论依据。     

瑜伽对中年女性体成分和平衡能力的影响

对专业瑜伽馆持续参加三年以上瑜伽练习和不参加体育锻炼的中年女性进行体成分、平衡功能的测试,结果表明：长期进行瑜伽练习能够有效改善中年女性的身体成分、提高静态平衡能力。     

“健身健骨操”的创编及健身效果的观察性研究

目的:为促进全民健身运动的开展,创编出一套适合中老年低骨密度者进行练习的"健身健骨操",并对其健身效果进行评价。方法:设计编制适合骨质疏松人群的健身健骨操,通过实验对其健身效果进行评价。实验选取成都市40~65岁城市居民52名,随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组实施24周的健身健骨操练习,在运动干预前后,检测BUA、T值、Z值、体脂及闭眼单脚站立等指标,同时在进行健身操运动的过程中,采用遥测心率表对其心率进行实时监控。结果:BUA、T值、Z值、体脂实验前后都存在显著性差异(p<0.05);余指标实验前后无显著性差异。结论:低骨密度者通过健身健骨操练习,可以明显改善受试者的骨密度。提示,有规律的从事该操可以起到健骨的作用,同时对健康的其它指标也有改善作用。中老年人骨质疏松人群运动锻炼的心率应控制在(120±10)次/min、不超过140次/min为宜。     

音乐在电视片中的应用探讨

音乐在电视片中具有烘托画面气氛、丰富和深化节目主题、增加其艺术表现的作用。因此,在各类视听模式日益丰富发展的趋势下,应该充分发挥电视语言各种构成元素的优势,把音乐更好的运用到电视片中。     

体育科技论文写作的规范化探析

把科学的内容和规范的形式统一起来是信息社会对体育科技论文写作的要求。针对冰雪体育科技论文写作规范化的现状和需求,阐明了体育科技论文写作规范化的含义、意义,撰写要求、方法、格式和需要注意的问题。     

运动饮料及其选用

从运动饮料的特点、分类入手，分析了运动饮料的主要成分以及各成分在运动中的作用，提出了在选用运动饮料时应把握的几个问题。     

培养学生体育社会心理环境适应能力的研究

运用文献资料、专家访谈等研究方法对学校体育社会心理环境的构成及学生适应能力的培养进行阐述,目的在于进一步明确学校体育社会心理环境的价值,让更多的教育工作者重视学校体育社会心理环境建设的重要性.文章围绕学校体育社会心理环境的构成以及学生学校体育社会心理环境适应能力的培养二个方面进行论述,深入探讨学校体育社会心理环境的重要性.