The Relationship Between Homework and Achievement—Still Much of a Mystery

Despite the long history of homework and homework research, the role that homework plays in enhancing student achievement is, at best, only partly understood. In this review, we give an overview of twentieth-century homework research and discuss the reasons why the relationship between homework and achievement remains unclear. We identify the operationalization of homework and achievement and the problematic handling of hierarchically ordered data as two important factors affecting the validity of many of the studies performed over the last century. We then describe a new generation of homework studies using multilevel modeling to deal with hierarchically nested data. Finally, we argue that homework research should be more closely connected to well-founded psychological theories of learning and instruction, and we offer three potential links (theories of instruction time, self-regulation theory and expectancy-value theory, and teaching behavior).     

在小型个人项目中应用RUP和UML

RUP是先进实用的软件开发过程，UML是功能强大的可视化建模语言，二者的结合在面向对象软件工程技术中应用广泛。目前在大型复杂软件系统的开发中使用RUP和UML的较多。本文以开发一个抽奖程序为例，描述了如何在小型个人项目中应用RUP和UML。     

Tensions between knowledge transmission and student-focused teaching approaches to assessment purposes: helping students improve through transmission

This study surveyed 1064 Chinese school teachers’ approaches to teaching and conceptions of assessment, and examined their inter-relationship using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Three approaches to teaching (i.e. Knowledge Transmission, Student-Focused, and Examination Preparation) and six conceptions of assessment (i.e. Student Development, Teaching Improvement, Examination, Control, School Accountability, and Irrelevance) were identified. Teachers indicated they used Student-Focused most frequently and this positively predicted the assessment purposes of Student Development and Teaching Improvement, while loading negatively on Control, School Accountability, and Irrelevance. The Knowledge Transmission teaching approach, in contrast, positively predicted the assessment purposes of Examination, School Accountability, Control, Student Development, and Teaching Improvement. Thus, despite a predominantly student-focused approach to teaching, knowledge transmission was seen as a teaching approach that contributed positively to student learning. Possible explanations for this anomalous result are discussed.     

模糊时间序列分析初探

对模糊时间序列建模问题进行了理论探讨，给出了一种求参和定阶的方法.     

基于物理属性和粒子系统的自然景物建模方法实践

In virtual environment construction of natural scenes, high realism of the scenes and real time control to the objects in the scene are needed. With a modeling method based on physical properties and a particle system, together with a mipmapping texture technique, good integration between realism and real time control of the natural scenes such as clouds and smoke can be obtained. This paper briefly introduces the basic theory of particle system first, and then describes the construction method of a cloud and smoke particle system. By changing the values of physical properties in the particle system, different shapes and motion status of cloud and smoke result. With a mipmapping technique, real time control and variety of the scenes are improved. Finally an example showing implementation of this method is presented.     

加强我校种科专业《分子生物学基础》课程教学的探讨

《分子生物学基础》课程对提高学生分析问题的能力,引导学生的学习积极性和兴趣,加强实践教学,提高其解决专业技术领域相关科学问题中的能力十分重要。本文探讨了石河子大学种科专业《分子生物学基础》课程的教学改革,从而为农学类专业分子生物学理论与实践教学改革提供借鉴与参考。     

对高职院校开设数学建模课程的认识与实践

数学模型指通过抽象和简化,使用数学语言对实际事物的一个近似的描述,以便于人们更深刻地认识研究对象;数学建模培养学生的观察力、想象力、抽象力和创造力,从而提高学生综合素质;数学建模的课程主要通过启发与讨论相结合、理论与实践相结合的教学方式进行。     

Comparing Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling and Existing Approaches for Multiple Regression with Latent Variables

Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) is an approach for analysis of latent variables using exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the measurement model. This study compared ESEM with two dominant approaches for multiple regression with latent variables, structural equation modeling (SEM) and manifest regression analysis (MRA). Main findings included: (1) ESEM in general provided the least biased estimation of the regression coefficients; SEM was more biased than MRA given large cross-factor loadings. (2) MRA produced the most precise estimation, followed by ESEM and then SEM. (3) SEM was the least powerful in the significance tests; statistical power was lower for ESEM than MRA with relatively small target-factor loadings, but higher for ESEM than MRA with relatively large target-factor loadings. (4) ESEM showed difficulties in convergence and occasionally created an inflated type I error rate under some conditions. ESEM is recommended when non-ignorable cross-factor loadings exist.     

Gender equity in the academic labor market: an analysis of academic disciplines

This study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to analyze the effect of human capital, structural characteristics of the discipline, and disciplinary labor market conditions on faculty salaries. Faculty in disciplines characterized by relatively low demand, high teaching loads, and low amounts of research funding earn less than do faculty in other disciplines. Additionally, even after controlling for an array of individual and disciplinary characteristics, women faculty members earn less than their male peers.     

面向项目管理的企业过程建模方法和支撑环境

1IntroductionWith internationalization of market competition,en-terprises are facing a strong competition pressure .Therefore enterprises have to make comprehensivei m-provement over ti me ,quality,cost and service by us-ing advanced technology such as concurrent engineer-ing,agile manufacturing,business process reengineer-ing, and so on. To achieve this goal , enterprisesshould i mplement the complete integration and theunitary opti mization for process technology and man-agement technology t…