课堂环境研究的现状、意义及趋势

文章在对国内外相关文献进行系统分析的基础上,对课堂环境的含义及其与相关概念的关系进行了辨析;回顾了国外课堂环境研究的状况;论述了课堂环境研究的现实意义;指出了现有研究的不足和未来研究的方向.     

Conservation Heating 24 Years On

ABSTRACT

Control of relative humidity (RH) for collections care is challenging in U.K. historic houses because they are often highly ventilated with poor heat retention, a porous building fabric and naturally tend to high (60–80%) RH if unheated. The significance of the building means that large-scale modifications and installation of air handling systems may be unfeasible and undesirable for the conservation of the building. In the late 1980s the National Trust, for English, Wales and Northern Ireland, investigated conservation heating as an RH control method that works with the natural environment of historic buildings, mimicking historic heating and requiring only modification of existing heating services or a light touch installation of new heating systems. The National Trust adopted conservation heating as its preferred method for environmental control in historic buildings from the 1990s. This method was presented at the IIC 1994 Ottawa congress on preventive conservation. Conservation heating has since been adopted by many historic house management organisations, particularly across north-west Europe, where it is well suited to the climate. This paper reviews conservation heating developments implemented by the National Trust since 1994, in response to a changing external context, new knowledge and developments in operational practice.     

高校学科团队中魅力型领导对团队创新绩效影响的实证研究

本文在文献回顾的基础上,提出魅力型领导对团队创新绩效的假设模型,并通过对中国高校79个学科团队607名教师的问卷调查验证这一模型。结果显示:魅力型领导能力和行为对团队创新气氛与团队创新绩效具有显著正向效果,但其对团队创新绩效的直接效果不显著,其通过团队创新气氛中介作用的间接效果显著;而且高校学科团队领导能力对团队创新绩效的整体效果高于领导行为。最后指出,在实践管理中高校学科团队领导要提高学科带头能力和组织协调能力,营造平等、自由的团队创新气氛,以提高团队创新绩效。     

高校科研团队创新气氛对隐性知识共享意愿影响研究

沿用国内外学者对创新气氛维度研究的成果,将团队带头人创新风格作为高校科研团队创新气氛的一个新的维度,并结合另外三个维度:参与保障、目标认同、创新追求与支持,更有效地描述高校科研团队创新气氛.同时,根据高校科研团队的特点,探讨创新气氛各维度对隐性知识共享意愿的影响.最后,根据概念模型,从创新气氛的各维度出发,提出增强高校...     

黑龙江流域积雪的时空动态变化及其与气候因子的关系

积雪覆盖作为重要的地表覆盖类型,其变化对当地的水文环境、物候变化都有重要的反馈和调节作用.基于去云后的MOD10A1/MYD10A1逐日积雪覆盖数据,探讨黑龙江流域2002-2016年间的积雪时空变化,并结合同期气象数据,分析积雪面积与温度、降水等气象因子之间的相关性.研究结果表明:1)研究期间黑龙江流域积雪日数增加的...     

一类新型港口群应对气候变化风险的协同运作机制

为响应国家全面建成世界一流港口、形成若干个世界级港口群的目标,对港口群应对气候变化风险的协同运作机制展开研究。从港口气候变化风险源、港口气候变化风险与适应性对策评估、港口群应对气候变化的适应性规划等三个维度进行全面概述,揭示气候变化与港口发展的内在关系,为港口群提供从“气候风险识别”“适应性策略选择”“适应性策略实施、监控和评估”到“适应性规划经验分享”等4个阶段的气候变化适应性方案。结果表明,交通运输部门制定港口气候变化风险评估与对策指南并建立有效的区域港口群协同运作机制至关重要。研究成果可为港口群应对气候变化的安全管理、风险评估、投资规划、环境政策制定和其他相关研究提供参考。     

中国煤炭铁路运输生命周期温室气体排放研究

中国煤炭储量丰富、消耗量大且其资源禀赋与经济发展水平呈逆向分布,大宗煤炭铁路运输所导致的温室效应不容忽视.由于铁路机车的技术应用存在时空异质性,因而有必要从生命周期视角解析煤炭铁路运输温室气体排放的时空变异特征,探索减排潜力.本文在构建煤炭铁路运输生命周期温室气体排放(Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas...     

ENSO and Southeast Asian biomass burning modulate subtropical trans-Pacific ozone transport

Trans-Pacific transport of enhanced ozone plumes has been mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion in Asia in spring, but less attention has been paid to vegetation fires in Asia. Here we show that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-modulated fires in Southeast Asia, rather than Asian fossil fuel plumes, dominate the interannual variability of springtime trans-Pacific transport of ozone across the entire North Pacific Ocean. During El Niño springs, the intensified fires from both the Indochinese Peninsula and Indonesia, together with large-scale circulation anomalies, result in enhanced ozone plumes that stretch over 15 000 km in both the lower-middle and upper troposphere. This enhancement is also observed in the in situ measurements of ozone concentration, with an almost 10% increase at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, a unique site to monitor the long-distance transport over the North Pacific. This study reports an unexpectedly strong influence of vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, on global tropospheric chemistry and proves once more how complex the interactions in the climate system are.     

Social relations as predictors of achievement in math in Kenyan primary schools

In sub-Saharan Africa, where there is limited financial and human capital, it is important to examine how social relationships may serve to promote or undermine human capital formation. However, little is known about the contributions of social relations to human capital development, especially in terms of academic achievement in Africa. This study examined how variations in key aspects of social relations among teachers; between teachers and students; between principals, teachers, parents and students affect achievement in mathematics among sixth graders in 70 schools in six districts in Kenya. We modeled mathematics achievement as a function of measures of social perception and support while adjusting for school-, classroom- and student level background characteristics. We found that net of teacher subject knowledge and background characteristics, teachers who display commitment to teaching by always correcting homework and keeping students engaged during math lessons had their students performing better. Teacher absenteeism and lack of interest in teaching were negatively associated with performance in math. Lack of parental involvement in the classroom also had negative effects on grades. At the school level, the level of engagement of the principal, measured by supervision of teachers and good interpersonal interactions with parents had positive effects on math achievement. Schools where parents provided material and financial support had better grades, while student delinquency and absenteeism negatively affected grades.     

Identifying needs and enhancing learning about climate change adaptation for water professionals at the post-graduate level

Using a participatory learning approach, we report on the delivery and evaluation of a climate change and risk assessment tool to help manage water risks within the agricultural sector. Post-graduate water-professional students from a range of countries, from both developed and emerging economies were involved in using this tool. Our approach included participative learning tools – group discussion, software, and risk matrices. The materials developed met the needs of the students, allowing these students to incorporate their learning and adapt the package of materials for use in their home countries. Analysis of evaluations show that the tools and materials are particularly useful and emphasizes the need for sound learning materials and tools, funding to deliver training, and policy support to accelerate education and adoption of authentic climate change adaptation practices. The expected benefits for water professionals about climate change will be translated into improved socioeconomic and environmental outcomes if adopted.