Reflective pedagogy: the integration of methodology and subject-matter content in a graduate-level course

This article presents a critical reflection on how we, instructors of a graduate-level course in higher education administration, sought to integrate theoretical and subject-matter content and research methodology. Our reflection, guided by autoethnography and teacher reflection, challenged both our assumptions about curriculum design and our process of designing and teaching the redesigned course. We found that our efforts to integrate course content and methodology differed from students’ prior experiences and resulted in a disconnection between their experience and the intended course learning objectives. Recommendations include understanding the degree program culture and students’ course expectations, using assignments that facilitate learning of both theory and methods, and balancing classroom discussion among theory, methodology, and the integration of the two.     

案例教学在思想道德修养课中的运用

如何提高德育的有效性是学们热衷于讨论的一个话题，作为教师，在思想道德修养课教学实践中体会到，案例教学是很不错的教学法，促进师生的互动与合作，让理论由于回归生活而变得更加丰满和富有魅力，改变学生上课只是带着耳朵来就可以的惰性，培养其动脑、动嘴、实际解决问题的能力。主要结合实际工作中的体会，谈谈思想道德修养课中案例教学的运用及其注意事项。     

Application of response surface methodology in medium optimization for pyruvic acid production of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Torulopsis glabrata</Emphasis> TP19 in batch fermentation

Response surface methodology （RSM） was used to optimize the fermentation medium for enhancing pyruvic acid production by Torulopsis glabrata TP19. In the first step of optimization, with Plackett-Burman design, ammonium sulfate, glucose and nicotinic acid were found to be the important factors affecting pyruvic acid production significantly. In the second step, a 23 full factorial central composite design and RSM were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable. A second-order polynomial was determined by the multiple regression analysis of the experimental data. The optimum values for the critical components were obtained as follows： ammonium sulfate 0.7498 （10.75 g/L）, glucose 0.9383 （109.38 g/L） and nicotinic acid 0.3633 （7.86 mg/L） with a predicted value of maximum pyruvic acid production of 42.2 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the practical pyruvic acid production was 42.4 g/L. The determination coefficient （R^2） was 0.9483, which ensures adequate credibility of the model. By scaling up fermentation from flask to jar fermentor, we obtained promising results.     

从费氏看新时期思想政治教育改革

高校思想政治教育在以人为本的教育理念下,迎来新一轮的改革浪潮。在这一浪潮中机遇与挑战并存。来自20世纪的科学哲学家费耶阿本德有着非常独特的思想见解,他由此也备受争议,但这些见解其实对思想政治教育的改革理念和思维有着积极的意义。     

Skirting the Sketch: An Analysis of Sketch Inhibition within Contemporary Design Higher Education

Sketch inhibition is regularly alluded to by educators within design higher education and one with increasingly marked effects on industry. Over the past thirty years, students have been observed to engage less with the manual processes of design development process in favour of other activities perceived as more attractive, to the detriment of their development as effective designers. This article offers an evaluation of literature which supports the importance of sketching to the design process across a variety of disciplines, its anatomy and functions and demonstrates its role in cognitive support, as a language, a means of reflection, communication and storage of information and the micro‐processes it embodies. Initial findings regarding the symptoms of sketch inhibition are presented: from avoidance of studio sessions and minimal design development, to an overreliance on digital tools. It considers causes, ranging from lacking skill‐sets, psycho‐social, to technological, and although further investigation is recommended to establish depth and enable development of an appropriate pedagogical framework for its management within HE, various methods are offered at this stage for use by educators: these include fine art exercises, a rigorous pursuit of quantity and even paper type.     

Undergraduate Medical Students' Usage and Perceptions of Anatomical Case-Based Learning: Comparison of Facilitated Small Group Discussions and eLearning Resources

While case-based discussions can empower students to apply knowledge to contextual clinical situations, scheduling these activities is a challenge in crowded curricula. Case-based eLearning activities, derived from existing cases discussed within anatomy small group tutorials, were created incorporating principles such as interactivity, reinforcement, and feedback. Over half of the students accessed one or more of these online cases, with 18% accessing all eight online cases provided. Access increased as the semester progressed, particularly just before summative examinations, implying students used these primarily as revision aides. Students rated both formats highly, but favored the online format with regard to enjoyment (P = 0.048), learning (P = 0.101), and feedback (P = 0.086). However, more students discussed these cases in small group tutorials within the anatomy dissecting room than completed them online (122 vs. 67) and themes emerging from free text comments included a desire to have more time dedicated to these cases during small group tutorials, and an appreciation for the opportunity for discussion with staff and learning through doing. Additionally, native English speakers rated the anatomy room discussions significantly higher in all aspects than non-native English speakers, suggesting that non-native speakers may be hesitant or reluctant to fully participate in front of peers. While online case-based learning activities are a useful adjunct to anatomy teaching, particularly for revision, assumptions that “digital natives” have an innate preference for digital resources require critical evaluation, as students still place a high value on opportunities for discussion with staff during their studies.     

响应面法优化软包装风味鱼的加工工艺

采用响应面法优化了风味鱼的加工工艺参数.通过对盐渍时间、盐渍浓度、卤制时间以及杀菌温度和时间的研究,确定风味鱼块的加工方法为：新鲜鱼切块后,采用4%的食盐在常压下盐渍3.8h或真空下盐渍100min,清洗沥干,再用一定比例的调味液卤制89min,沥干后送入鼓风干燥箱中进行阶段干燥（温度为30℃,干燥30min,升温至50℃干燥30min,最后升至100℃干燥2h）,取出冷却后进行真空包装,在115℃-118℃的条件下杀菌20min,得到的软包装风味鱼具有外观好、香味浓郁、耐咀嚼等特点.     

高师化学教学论教学实施的调查与分析——以长治学院为例

利用自编的"高师化学教学论教学实施的调查问卷",对化学专业的300多名学生进行了调查,了解了化学教学论课程在具体的教学实施中存在的一些问题,提出了相应的建议,以促进化学教学论课程的改革。     

统筹兼顾方法研究述评

统筹兼顾是科学发展的根本方法.试图对统筹兼顾方法的研究成果作一个粗浅的梳理,从历史发展顺序和逻辑结构相结合的角度对统筹兼顾方法的哲学基础、理论渊源、价值特色及用以解决的主要矛盾和问题进行了探讨,以避免目前单纯按照历史发展顺序进行研究的局限.     

案例教学法在高等师范院校《英语教学法》教学中的应用

随着基础教育新课程改革和义务教育经费保障机制改革的全面实施,基础教育教师的素质及专业发展,已成为社会各界关注的焦点。高等师范院校《英语教学法》在师范教育课程设置中占有重要地位,许多师范院校正在进行师范课程的整改,以培养具有先进教学理念的创新型教师。应采用案例教学模式,选取合适的教学案例进行课堂分析、讨论与实践,通过探究性学习方式的运用,使英语师范生从表面层次的理论知识学习向深层次上的教学理念的形成,进而为其教师职业技能的发展奠定良好的基础。