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51.
Conflicting claims about important socio-scientific debates are proliferating in contemporary society. It is therefore important to understand the individual characteristics that predict learning from conflicting claims. We explored individuals’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing (i.e., epistemic beliefs) and their emotions as potentially interrelated sets of learner characteristics that predict learning in such contexts. Undergraduate university students (N = 282) self-reported their topic-specific epistemic beliefs and were given three conflicting texts about climate change to read. Immediately after each of the three texts, participants self-reported the emotions they experienced. Following reading and self-report, participants wrote summaries of the conflicting texts. Text-mining and human coding were applied to summaries to construct two indices of learning from conflicting texts that reflected which source’s information is privileged in memory. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that epistemic beliefs were consistent in their predictions of emotions, which in turn variously predicted different learning outcomes. In particular, a belief that knowledge is justified by inquiry predicted surprise and curiosity, which at times facilitated learning. In contrast, confusion, predicted by passive reliance on external sources, related to impaired memory of conflicting content. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed for research on the relations between epistemic beliefs, emotions, and learning about controversial topics. 相似文献
52.
由于缺乏新理念指导及教学实际中存在的诸种弊端,如教学策略陈旧、方法机械、忽视学生的个性及各项智能差异等,我国成人英语教学长期以来效果欠佳。加德纳提出的多元智能理论,拓宽了人们关于智力仅仅由口语一语言能力及逻辑一数学能力组成的传统观念。多元智能理论中指出了将部分支配权转移至学生的教学方法;给出适于学生学习和展示学识的教学方式,以供其选择;把重．最放在问题解答类的活动上,以开启学生的多种智能？此类教学方法,鼓励学生在现有的能力和学识基础上,更新知识内容,提高技能水平。多元智能理论定向的TESLA实践经验。值得借鉴和参考。 相似文献
53.
张永泉 《广播电视大学学报》2001,(1):14-19
回顾鲁迅研究的历史 ,以史为鉴 ,温故知新。鲁迅的人生哲学对于中华民族乃至全人类的生存发展具有恒久的意义。鲁迅研究在 2 1世纪能否得到更加健康深入的发展 ,关键在于研究主体的综合素质能否得到尽快的提高 相似文献
54.
This paper proposes novel multiple-mobile-robot collision avoidance path planning based on cooperative co-evolution, which can be executed fully distributed and in parallel. A real valued co-evolutionary algorithm is developed to coordinate the movement of multiple robots in 2D world, avoiding C-space or grid net searching. The collision avoidance is achieved by cooperatively co-evolving segments of paths and the time interval to pass them. Methods for constraint handling, which are developed for evolutionary algorithm, make the path planning easier. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on a number of 2D path planning problems. 相似文献
55.
It is well known that sliding mode control is based on the definition of an invariant manifold, where the system dynamics are forced to in a finite time. Such a manifold is somewhat arbitrarily defined, as long as the system dynamics are stable on it. Computational and control effort may vary depending on selected manifold. Obviously, if a system has naturally acceptable stable dynamics around a desired equilibrium point, no control is needed unless uncertainties or disturbances are present. It would be desirable that if such a system had uncertainties or disturbances, the control effort be designed only to overcome the effect of such factors. For a system with first order dynamics and affine control input, designing a sliding mode control overcoming only such uncertainties or disturbances is a trivial task. When a higher order dynamics system is involved, unit control may be used, where the input control signals are not discontinuous, but when only discontinuous control inputs are available, a design approach is not readily available. In this paper, taking advantage of the natural stable dynamics of a system, a sliding mode control approach is introduced for designing multiple discontinuous control inputs, where the control effort overcomes only uncertainties, disturbances or unstable dynamics. Two illustrative examples are given in order to show the feasibility of the method. 相似文献
56.
57.
本文对美国哈佛大学学者进行的\"多元智力理论实验学校研究项目\"进行了研究,认为该研究项目的主要成果是提出在中小学有效运用多元智力理论的6条基本经验,即把多元智力理论作为主要的校园文化理念、以多种方式将多元智力理论引入教学实践、在教师间形成多种形式的交流与合作、为学生提供多种有意义的课程与多种形式的评价、充分发挥艺术在教育教学中的作用、将多元智力理论作为促进学生发展的手段.本文认为该研究项目对我国基础教育改革有4个方面的重要启示,即我们应该建构新型的校园文化、提倡个性化的教师教育、加强学校中的艺术教育、为促进学生的\"理解\"而教. 相似文献
58.
通过对二次积分次序的交换方法的分析,文章给出了改变三次及以上逐次积分次序的一种新方法——降维法来有效地求解重积分问题． 相似文献
59.
IMM算法只有在精确选取模型时才能取得良好的效果,本文采用一种新的"当前"Jerk模型(CS-Jerk模型)与匀速运动模型进行交互,讨论并证明了新的"当前"统计Jerk模型,即CS-Jerk模型对突发机动自适应跟踪性能好。仿真结果表明,在跟踪一般机动目标时,本文算法的误差和"当前"统计模型与CV模型交互的IMM算法相当;在跟踪突发机动目标时,其误差明显小于"当前"统计模型与CV交互的IMM算法。 相似文献
60.
区间数多属性决策问题的分析方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解决带有不确定性区间数的多属性决策问题 ,首先必须确定权系数的取值。本文就权系数的两种不同状态 ,给出了两种决策分析方法。每种方法通过求解模型来确定权系数的具体数值 ,最后得出排序方案 相似文献