关于英译汉过程中心理认知干扰因素的实证研究

在英译汉心理认知过程中,译者通常会受到一些因素的干扰而导致认知失误,但这却是推测,没有得到试验的检验。笔者尝试用两个具体的英译汉例子,提出三个有关心理认知干扰因素的假设,并设计四组英译汉测试题及与之相对应的问卷调查,用于三个实验组和一个对照组测试。通过对实验数据的收集、检验和分析,找出导致翻译认知失误的真正原因,即较偏僻词组和较长句式结构干扰了译者的翻译心理认知过程。     

从"政府企业家"到"市场企业家"——新常态下西部地区创新发展的策略转变

在中国经济高速增长的过程中,虽然各区域之间的差距始终存在,但缺乏内生动力的西部地区却并未陷入恶性循环,同样保持了较为快速的经济发展.由于市场中具备企业家精神的人才流失,长期以来,西部地区地方政府如企业家般直接干预经济,并依靠自身的企业家精神为区域经济发展引入大项目创新,实现了区域经济持续增长.然而在经济发展新常态下,这种经济发展策略由于政府可调配资源日益匮乏而逐渐失效;通过制度创新激发区域内市场中的企业家精神,从而实现大、中、小规模创新的协同发展,成为西部地区创新发展的策略选择.西部地区地方政府应科学制定发展目标,积极转变职能,通过制度创新更好地让市场发挥资源配置的决定性作用,从而有效激发出区域内的企业家精神.     

Bulgarian pirates: At the world's end

The present article compares the strategies of the legitimation of piracy developed by Western authors such as Richard Stallman and Larry Lessig with those developed by everyday Bulgarian pirates. It attempts to escape from the usual debate between the entertainment industries and the supporters of free culture, and to open the field for new perspectives. In Bulgaria it is precisely “free” as in “free beer” that matters, since the prices of cultural products tend to be too high for the Bulgarian market. In many cases, there is no possible legal access to the cultural products desired. The digital library “Chitanka” illustrates how piracy as bottom-up initiative compensates for the lack of successful public policies oriented towards visually impaired people and Bulgarian emigrants abroad. Although mobility and de-territorialisation have made piracy possible, it is perceived as a deeply national cause. The article emphasises that a difference should be made between open non-commercial projects as “Chitanka” and commercial torrent trackers, which thrive in the grey economy and abuse the symbolic capital of free culture. Piracy should be analysed at the intersections of global economic shifts and their local repercussions, of transnational culture flows and local culture infrastructure. Only this kind of an approach is likely to help us trace the unstable border between the cases in which digital piracy is a problem of the grey economy, and those in which it offers original non-market solutions to deeper structural problems.     

论我国财政投融资体系的改革和完善

根据新古典经济学及凯恩斯主义的观点和博弈论的分析方法,政府干预经济具有其必要性。在市场经济中,政府干预经济最有效的手段之一就是财政投融资。针对我国财政投融资刚刚起步,在体制、法律和运作方式等方面还存在很多不足的现状,研究借鉴发达国家的财政投融资运作模式,探讨我国财政投融资的发展方向、运作模式及相关法律制度建设,有助于完善我国的财政投融资体系。     

‘Teaching’ the path towards university: understanding student access through storied-futures and meritocratic grand narratives

The notion that the stories of our lives shape dispositions towards imagined futures is another lens through which university underrepresentation should be viewed. A storied lens attends to how futures, like university attendance, are storied during childhood to the extent that some youth imagine, and therefore plan, these futures as natural progression. Such was the case for study participants, indicating that childhood stories contain answers for mitigating social reproduction connected to parental education and cultural forces within the home. Examining social mobility through the underexplored storied-futures grand narrative presents unique solutions that lay hidden within the dominant meritocratic grand narrative.     

‘Borrowed access’ – the struggle of older persons for digital participation

This study investigates older persons engagement with digital interfaces as one important way to social inclusion. Digital exclusion and social exclusion are intrinsically intertwined, which put older persons at risk for exclusion. To construct meaningful educational practices for inclusion, more insight is needed to understand consequences of low digital competence. Eighteen men and women (retired) have been interviewed about their everyday encounters with digital interfaces. Results show how older persons ‘borrow’ knowledge from social networks or from contacts at previous workplace, to access technology and digital practices. Data also show a common acceptance of exclusion and changes in lifestyle. These fragile chains, put together to access digital practices jeopardise social inclusion understood as autonomy and participation in society. Informants did not mention community arrangements as resources for access and knowledge, which indicate that hard work is required to promote inclusion of this group. A possible way could be using the power of informally framed learning scenarios. Society cannot turn a blind eye to the fact that groups of citizens are hindered from developing capabilities to maintain a social life, to access the health sector, to enjoy integrity and independence and cultural recreation – to live a capable life.     

Reconsidering the use of video clubs for student-teachers' learning during field placement: Lessons drawn from a longitudinal multiple case study

Although video clubs have been used to support (student) teachers' learning through reflection upon practice, less attention has been paid to their potential use for supporting changes in participants' practice over a period of time. Prior work has also largely treated (student) teachers as an undifferentiated whole that benefits in similar ways from video clubs. In this study, we problematize this assumption by drawing on three cases of student teachers to exemplify three different learning paths while participating in a video club during field placement. Reflecting on these findings, we discuss implications for differentiating the video-club approach to address different student teachers.     

科研模式变革中的数据管理服务:实现开放获取、开放数据、开放科学的途径

随着信息技术的发展与普及,全球学术交流模式总体朝着开放获取的趋势发展,信息时代的科学活动需要更多的数据开放和共享。开放数据是公众参与科学、推动社会进步的必要条件。无论是对于图书馆工作还是对于信息服务、知识服务来说,科研模式的变革都是一种新的挑战。与此同时,在此背景下,也产生了一种新的机遇,即与科研数据管理相关的一系列新内容,包括:明确科研数据管理各利益方;明确数据管理服务的主要内容;塑造科研数据开放共享文化,开展各个利益相关者之间的数据对话;进行科学数据开放共享各个环节的政策研究;明确数据馆员发挥的作用和职业价值。表6。参考文献70。     

我国公共文化场馆免费开放政策检视与反思

以公共图书馆为例,运用文化权利、政策过程理论对我国公共文化场馆免费开放展开政策检视和反思。研究发现,免费开放政策取得重要成效,但亦存在问题:恒定的经费补贴量难以满足免费开放后文化供给量和服务量的增长;经费分担机制未完全落实;按行政层级设计的补贴标准难以关照到不同规模的公共图书馆需要;监督管理和考核评价机制缺失,政策激励约束不足。这主要是因为动态的政策调整和优化未能及时跟进,中央地方事权与支出责任划分不明确、支出责任与财力不匹配以及政策成本高于收益。因此,建议完善分类资助标准,设计多重综合标准;建立完善经费保障的动态调整机制,创新财政保障方式;建立绩效评价体系,形成激励约束机制。表2。参考文献27。     

Affordances of using Multiple Videoed Events to construct a rich understanding of adult–child book readings

This paper explores the affordances of using video-based research to capture a multiplicity of events, along with multimodal representations when producing data related to adult–child book readings. In doing this we answer two questions: (1) why more than one event is needed when seeking a comprehensive collection of information for the purpose of analysis; and (2) why one mode of data production alone (e.g. audio recordings or note taking) is insufficient to record practice or interviews when richness is of priority. This research used three videoed events to produce data. These included videoing: (1) caregiver–child interactions during four shared book reading sessions, (2) interviews with caregivers immediately following each of the reading sessions and (3) video-stimulated discussions with caregivers within two months of the final shared book reading. In this paper, I contribute to discussions that highlight the affordances of using video-based research as a means of capturing the multimodal elements of an experience, which can contribute to the analysis and interpretation of data. I expand on this, however, to suggest that when coupled with a multiplicity of events, video-based research can be a means of pursuing richness via a method that has been criticized for its narrow subjectivity.