建立老年人长期护理保险制度研究--以江苏省为例

人口老龄化是目前全世界共同面对的重大社会问题。因失能老人缺少适度的长期护理而产生的社会问题日趋严重。江苏省人口老龄化程度远高于全国水平,面临的情况更为严峻。建立长期护理保险制度是应对日益严重的人口老龄化问题的重要途径,也是推动养老服务事业改革创新的重要举措。江苏作为经济发达和老龄化程度较高的省份,应积极借鉴国内外老年人长期护理保险制度,在全国率先探索构建统一的长期护理养老保险制度,同时大力发展长期护理商业保险,培育护理产业市场,加快护理机构建设和护理专业人才的培养,为全国全面推行长期护理保险制度提供可资借鉴的江苏经验。     

陕西医疗机构公示语英语翻译的规范化研究——以陕西省6所医院为例

本文选取了陕西省6所医院的英语公示语语料,以林克难"看易写"原则和丁衡祁ABC模式(Adapt-Borrow-Create模仿-借用-创新)理论为指导,与在美国搜集的英语文本进行平行文本对比分析发现,存在着语法错误、忽视文化差异的翻译不当、拼写错误和汉语拼音与英语单词混合使用等不规范问题,并提出了医疗机构公示语的英语翻译建议。     

“中国式关心”背后隐藏的西方隐私文化

全球化使得中西跨文化交际日益广泛,中国人对西方人该如何表现出友好与适度的关心才能更加符合西方人的隐私文化?而当一系列典型的"中国式关心"的问题不自然地侵犯了西方人的隐私时,由此产生的文化休克与文化冲突使得文化交际者深思该用何种语言去完成跨文化交际才不至于造成不必要的尴尬和无礼。     

Decision-making in child protective services: Influences at multiple levels of the social ecology

Decision-making in the child protection system is influenced by multiple factors; agency and geographic contexts, caseworker attributes, and families’ unique circumstances all likely play a role. In this study, we use the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to explore how these factors are associated with two key case decisions—substantiation and removal to out-of-home care. Analyses are conducted using weighted hierarchical linear models. We find that substantiation is strongly influenced by agency factors, particularly constraints on service accessibility. Substantiation is less likely when agencies can provide services to unsubstantiated cases and when collaboration with other social institutions is high. This supports the concept that substantiation may be a gateway to services in some communities. Agency factors contributed less to the probability of removal among substantiated cases, though time resources and constraints on decision-making had some influence. For both substantiation and removal risks, county, caseworker, and child characteristics were less influential than agency characteristics and family risk factors.     

医疗保障转型中政府与市场的关系：以有管理的竞争理论为视角

政府与市场的关系作为医疗改革中的核心问题,随着各国医疗改革实践逐渐趋向于采取有管理竞争的方式,即实现政府与市场相结合的模式。医疗保障运行机制中,由政府制定严格规则,引入市场机制,增加医疗卫生资源和服务供给。同时政府对整个过程进行全面的监管,防止市场失灵,保障国民适度的医保权益,提升其健康水平。     

Care in academia: an exploration of student parents’ experiences

While student parents now represent a significant proportion of the higher education population in England, this group has been given limited consideration in policy circles. Using a social constructivist and feminist theoretical framework, this paper draws on a research project investigating the role of higher education policies in supporting student parents in England. It focuses on findings from 40 interviews conducted with student parents enrolled on university programmes. It shows that, in the context of the default construction of the university student as carefree, student parents often describe their experience of navigating academia as a struggle, in which time-related, financial, health and emotional problems prevail. However, the stories they tell also emphasise the benefits associated with their dual status. By doing so, they resist the discourse of deficit typically applied to ‘non traditional’ students and produce a counter-discourse that disturbs the long-lived binary opposition between care and academia.     

Behavior problems of children in foster care: Associations with foster mothers’ representations,commitment, and the quality of mother–child interaction

This study investigated different environmental and contextual factors associated with maltreated children's adjustment in foster care. Participants included 83 children (52 boys), ages 1–7 years, and their foster caregivers. Quality of interaction with the foster caregiver was assessed from direct observation of a free-play situation; foster caregiver attachment state of mind and commitment toward the child were assessed using two interviews; disruptive behavior symptoms were reported by foster caregivers. Results showed that quality of interaction between foster caregivers and children were associated with behavior problems, such that higher-quality interactions were related to fewer externalizing and internalizing problems. Foster caregivers’ state of mind and commitment were interrelated but not directly associated with behavior problems of foster children. Type of placement moderated the association between foster caregiver commitment and foster child behavior problems. Whereas greater foster caregiver commitment was associated with higher levels of adjustment for children in foster families (kin and non-kin), this was not the case in foster-to-adopt families. Finally, the associations between foster child behavior problems and history of maltreatment and placement related-risk conditions fell below significance after considering child age and quality of interaction with the foster caregiver. Findings underscore the crucial contribution of the foster caregiver–child relationship to fostering child adjustment and, thereby, have important implications for clinical services offered to this population.     

Child maltreatment among boy and girl probationers: Does type of maltreatment make a difference in offending behavior and psychosocial problems?

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and non-victims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

高校信息技术能力与办学绩效关系的实证研究

大量信息技术(IT)投资和应用所引发的"生产率悖论"问题的出现,使人们逐渐认识到IT本身并不一定能给组织带来更好的绩效。资源观理论认为,IT资源与IT能力是两个不同的概念。提高IT能力,才是发挥信息技术战略价值的关键所在。从能力视角对IT能力进行定义,可以将其分为技术性IT能力和管理性IT能力。技术性IT能力包括硬件兼容能力、软件模块化能力、网络连接能力和IT人员技术能力四个子维度;管理性IT能力包括管理能力、关系协调能力和战略匹配能力三个子维度。以工信部所属7所高校为样本,利用结构方程模型和多元回归分析方法,对高校IT能力与办学绩效关系的理论模型进行实证研究。结果显示,高校IT能力由技术性IT能力和管理性IT能力构成,管理性IT能力较技术性IT能力更显著、正向地直接影响高校的办学绩效;同时,管理性IT能力对技术性IT能力也产生了正向影响。     

Concreteness fading in learning secondary school physics concepts

Concreteness fading has been proposed as a general instructional approach to support learning of abstract mathematics and science concepts. Accordingly, organizing external knowledge representations in a three-step concrete-to-idealized sequence should be more beneficial than the reverse, concreteness introduction, sequence. So far, evidence for the benefits of concreteness fading come mainly from studies investigating learning of basic mathematics concepts. Studies on learning natural science concepts are scarce and have not implemented the full three-step-sequence. In an experimental classroom study (N = 70), we compared concreteness fading and concreteness introduction in high school science education about electromagnetic induction using a detailed assessment. Furthermore, we explored whether these sequences differentially affect the use of the different representations during instruction. Both sequences were equally effective and there were no differences in using the representations. We discuss why our results question the proposed advantages of concreteness fading and highlight conceptual differences and learning goals across domains.