Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy

This paper reports on the findings of an in-depth genealogical study of the discourse of quality in Australian Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) policy. Quality reform has become the foremost global policy agenda for ECEC due to assumptions about the economic potentials of quality services. In Australia, the recent National Quality Framework elevated early childhood policy in Australia from the margins as the lynchpin of a broader economic reform agenda. However, quality ECEC – what it is and does – is a complex, contestable notion that could be considered problematic for the sector to execute, particularly through market models of provision. Drawing on Foucauldian notions of discourse as the ‘already said’, the truth assumptions that have underpinned policy uses of quality ECEC in Australia are identified and critiqued. It is shown that the discourse of quality has been tactically deployed in Australian ECEC policy to realign quality ECEC outcomes with educative outcomes, as a means for government to selectively grow and govern human capital. This positions quality as a high-stakes reform discourse for early childhood stakeholders, entwined with the expanded reach and intensification of selective, performance-related standards and incentives.     

Child abuse and neglect in institutional settings,cumulative lifetime traumatization,and psychopathological long-term correlates in adult survivors: The Vienna Institutional Abuse Study

Child maltreatment (CM) in foster care settings (i.e., institutional abuse, IA) is known to have negative effects on adult survivor’s mental health. This study examines and compares the extent of CM (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and lifetime traumatization with regard to current adult mental health in a group of survivors of IA and a comparison group from the community. Participants in the foster care group (n = 220) were adult survivors of IA in Viennese foster care institutions, the comparison group (n = 234) consisted of persons from the Viennese population. The comparison group included persons who were exposed to CM within their families. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the International Trauma Questionnaire for ICD-11, and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and completed a structured clinical interview. Participants in the foster care group showed higher scores in all types of CM than the comparison group and 57.7% reported exposure to all types of CM. The foster care group had significantly higher prevalence rates in almost all mental disorders including personality disorders and suffered from higher symptom distress in all dimensional measures of psychopathology including depression, anxiety, somatization, dissociation, and the symptom dimensions of PTSD. In both groups, adult life events and some but not all forms of CM predicted PTSD and adult life events partly mediated the association of PTSD and CM. Explanations for the severe consequences of CM and IA are discussed.     

图书馆对农村留守儿童的人文关怀及对策研究——以周口市为例

农村留守儿童是指由于父母双方或一方外出打工形成的由父亲或母亲一人抚养,或由祖父母、外祖父母以及其他亲戚代为监护的小于15岁的孩子。图书馆作为文化教育机构,有责任也有义务对这一弱势群体进行人文关怀。在充分调研的基础上,分析周口市农村留守儿童的现状,指出图书馆对留守儿童进行人文关怀的必要性,并从宏观、中观与微观三个层面制定出一系列具有针对性的服务对策。     

Pre-kindergarten child care and behavioral outcomes among children of immigrants

The school transition model suggests that children's transitions into formal schooling can have lasting and profound implications for their educational careers, though this model is rarely used to understand the outcomes of children of immigrants. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a nationally representative sample of kindergarteners in 1998–1999, we examine the pre-kindergarten child care arrangements of children of immigrants and how these care arrangements are associated with children's behavior. We find that minority and immigrant children are less likely than their native-born white counterparts to be enrolled in center-based care and other care, compared to parental care, prior to kindergarten. We also find that ethnic origin is an important predictor of child care usage. Finally, though center-based care, on average, is not independently associated with children's behavior in kindergarten, the association between center-based care and behaviors varies by race and immigrant status. Broadly, these findings underscore the importance of understanding how native- and foreign-born children experience the transition to schooling, a critical period in the life course.     

Caregivers’ use of metacognitive language in child care centers: Prevalence and predictors

Use of metacognitive language by child care center staff in classrooms that serve preschool-aged children was examined. Staff's use of mental-state talk, perspective-taking talk, and activity-relevant questioning with children were coded in a series of 20-s snapshots taken over the course of one full morning per classroom. A total of 3401 snapshots were observed for 393 teachers in 103 classrooms. Staff used mental-state talk in 22% of the snapshots, activity-relevant questions in 12%, and perspective-taking talk in 3%. Structural and process predictors of staff's metacognitive language were examined for full-time staff (n = 148 in 95 classrooms) using multilevel modeling and ordinary least squares regression. Caregiver positive interaction style predicted caregivers’ engagement in all three types of language. Caregiver punitive interaction style was also a positive predictor of caregivers’ talk about others’ perspectives. In general, structural characteristics of the classroom were not significant predictors of staff's language. However, the proportion of children receiving a child care subsidy in the center negatively predicted perspective-taking discourse. Results indicate the importance of caregiver relational style in providing a more discourse-rich child care context.     

多秘密密钥的门限共享体制

文章提出了能使多个用户共享多个秘密密钥的门限共享体制.在该体制中,每个用户只需保存有关多个秘密密钥的一个片段,如果合作用户的数量大于等于该体制的门限值时,他们可以合作计算出任何一个秘密密钥.该体制具有很强的安全性,其安全性基于离散对数以及特定条件下平方根的难解性.     

多重水印技术综述

当今时代,作为计算机领域的研究热点,数字水印技术得到了广泛的应用。多重水印克服了传统数字水印的不足,将多个水印嵌入到宿主载体中,并且每个水印都有不同的特性,代表不同的信息。本文介绍了多重水印的特征及其分类、多重数字水印技术的基本原理,并对典型的多重水印算法进行了阐述。最后,分析指出了数字水印技术的研究现状与发展前景。     

基于多输出端电流传送器（MOCC）的电流模式滤波器

提出了用ＭＯＣＣ器件实现双二阶和一阶函数的电流模式滤波器新电路．仅使用３个ＭＯＣＣ器件、３个接地电阻和３个接地电容,选择电路三个输入端口不同的输入信号的组合,不仅在Ｉ０２输出端能实现低通、高通、带通、陷波和全通五种基本的二阶滤波功能,而且在Ｉ０１端能同时得到一阶低通、高通、全通滤波函数,比ＣｈａｎｇＣＭ和ＣｈｅｎｇＰＣ所提电路结构简单,且功能更完善．为了验证理论分析的正确性,对二阶低通、高通、带通、陷波和全通及一阶低通、高通、全通滤波器均进行了计算机仿真．所提电路不仅ω０和Ｑ值可调而且具有无源灵敏度低的特点．     

太极拳的养生保健作用研究

本文以生理学、养生学理论为依据,对太极拳的养生保健作用作了系统的剖析。     

Length of stay,acculturation and transnational medical travel among Polish migrants in the Netherlands

An important aspect of the transnational lives of Polish migrants in the Netherlands is their frequent use of healthcare services in Poland. Transnational care use may be detrimental for the continuity and the quality of the care migrants receive. The current study aims to shed light on the antecedents of migrants' doctor visits in Poland. Drawing on a representative population-based sample of Polish migrants in the Netherlands (n = 1,082), logistic regression is used to assess whether length of stay in the Netherlands is negatively associated with the likelihood of doctor visits in Poland. The KHB decomposition method is used to determine the extent to which this potential association is mediated by three specific acculturation factors: ethnic identification, trust in the Dutch healthcare system and Dutch language proficiency. The models show that migrants who stayed in the Netherlands longer were less likely to visit doctors in Poland. Mediation analyses indicated that this effect was largely attributable to their greater Dutch language proficiency compared to their counterparts who arrived in the Netherlands more recently. Strong ethnic self-identification as Polish and lower trust in the Dutch healthcare system were also associated with a higher likelihood of visiting doctors in Poland. However, no significant mediation of the effect of length of stay via ethnic self-identification or Dutch language proficiency was found. The findings suggest that voluntary language programs may foster inclusion of Polish migrants in the Dutch healthcare system and reduce the need migrants perceive to seek care in their country of origin.