乳酸菌制剂对人体保健功效的机理探讨

本文对乳酸菌（LAB）制剂对人体的保健功效及其物质基础进行了综述，并对其机理进行了深入的探讨。     

软弱围岩隧道工程超前管棚支护施工技术

软弱围岩地区的开挖具有很大的施工难度，如处理不好很容易出现垮塌现象。针对软弱围岩隧道采用超前管棚的施工工艺可以很好地解决这一问题。结合具体的工程实例，阐述了软弱围岩地区隧道工程超前管棚支护的设计原理、工艺流程、技术要点及管棚主要技术参数等。     

和谐社会构建视野下高校思想政治教育人文品性的塑造

构建和谐社会过程中的高校思想政治教育需要迎接社会转型时期的复杂局面和信息化时代的特殊挑战,探索符合和谐社会发展要求的高校学生思想政治教育理论、体系与方法,必须首先从教育观念的变革开始。为此,高校学生思想政治教育需要加强人文性、发展性和适应性。     

Quality Management Procedures Influence the Food Safety Practices at Childcare Centers

Childcare in the United States (US) has become a necessary part of life for most working parents with the increased use of center-based childcare over the past three decades. Approximately 13 million preschoolers attend some form of childcare. Literature indicates the main predictors of quality childcare programs are adequate experience and specialized training of childcare staff. A growing concern among researchers, however, is the limited training among childcare professionals in the area of food safety. Children have minimal control of food safety risks because other people prepare their meals. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to childcare center directors in Texas and Iowa to identify the demographic, food safety and other practices that influence the training and decisions made by childcare center directors. Results indicate the need of continual management and food safety training for both directors and staff in order to provide a safe environment for young children.     

Teasing apart the child care conundrum: A factorial survey analysis of perceptions of child care quality, fair market price and willingness to pay by low-income, African American parents

Child care quality plays a crucial role in children's social and cognitive development. While child care quality is a critical issue for all children, it matters more for low-income children. Policy makers have increased the emphasis on allowing parents, not government, to make decisions about the type of care they want for their children. Yet most research on child care quality has focused on how child care professionals, not parents define high quality care. This study investigates how low-income families evaluate child care quality by examining the child care preferences of a sample of low-income African American parents. We employ the factorial survey method, a method used in sociological research to assess people's perceptions and rankings of individual attributes associated with complex multidimensional phenomena. The factorial survey method permits a simultaneous assessment of how respondents evaluate and make tradeoffs among multiple child care characteristics. We assess the impact of child care characteristics on respondents’ perceptions of child care desirability, fair market value, and willingness to pay. Findings indicate that parents’ definition of quality focused squarely on the care giving environment, specifically the qualifications, experience, training and behavior associated with the child care provider. The type of care facility—family, center, relative or neighbor care was largely irrelevant to this sample of parents. Parents believed that the characteristics they defined as desirable child care situations were worth more, and parents were willing to pay more for these characteristics. These parents also defined quality in terms of race and class, and they wanted racial and economic diversity. This research suggests parents may choose lower quality care, not because they do not know what quality is or because they define quality care differently, but because such care may be neither available nor affordable in their communities.     

探索班主任的关爱工作

关爱工作是贴近学生，架起沟通心灵的桥梁，建立起良好师生关系，培养学生爱心，促进学生情感与价值观全面正确发展的一项重要工作。做好关爱工作就要忠诚工作，热爱学生，平等待人、尊重学生，关心学生，做学生的良师益友。     

论太极拳在全民健身中的意义和影响

太极拳是群众健身的主要形式之一,根据太极拳的项目特点,锻炼价值以及太极拳的的发展现状.论述了太极拳在全民健身活动开展的意义及其推广优势,并对如何推广普及太极拳提出了建议,也为《全民健身计划纲要》中落实太极拳运动提供了理论参考依据.     

Looking after the teachers: exploring the emotional labour experienced by teachers of looked after children

Whilst outcomes for looked after children (LAC) have been extensively discussed, less attention has been paid to the experiences of teachers of this group of children. It is accepted that Emotional Labour (EL) is commonplace in the teaching profession but no research has investigated how, and to what extent, teachers experience emotional labour during interactions with LAC. Fourteen Key Stage Two teachers of LAC participated in the current study by completing semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that participants experience emotional labour during interactions with LAC and that this may be mediated, to a degree, by factors including role constructions, perceptions of support and self-perceived role facilitators such as perception of a professional duty. The potential benefit of educational psychologists understanding better, and supporting, the impact of emotional labour on teachers of LAC is subsequently discussed.     

Educators’ use of questioning as a pedagogical strategy in long day care nurseries

Educators’ questions can encourage children to engage in extended conversations, facilitate comprehension and stimulate thinking. Many studies of educators’ questioning have focused on children aged 3 years and older. Little is known about the manner in which educators of infants in non-parental group care settings use questioning as a pedagogical strategy. Six university-qualified early childhood educators in Sydney, Australia, were videorecorded for 40 min each in their long day care centres. Informed by systemic functional linguistic theory, the educators’ questions addressed to infants (defined as children under 2 years of age) were coded according to whether they served a pedagogical or regulatory function. Pedagogical questions were defined as questions intended to promote children’s learning, whereas regulatory questions functioned as commands and offers which were intended to manage behaviour. The educators’ pedagogical questions were then further analysed according to the response required of the infant. Confirm questions sought a yes or no response, specify questions (who, when, where, what) sought the name of a person, time, place or entity and explain questions (why or how) sought an explanation or justification. The findings demonstrated that educators differed greatly in terms of the frequency and manner in which they used questioning as a pedagogical strategy when interacting with infants. So-called open questioning, which has been shown to stimulate conversation with older children, may not be appropriate for infants whose distinctive developmental trajectories differ from those of preschool-aged children. The findings suggest the need for a more nuanced understanding of the role of questioning in promoting infants’ language, literacy and intellectual development.     

DAP in the ’hood: Perceptions of child care practices by African American child care directors caring for children of color

This paper presents a qualitative analysis concerning child care practices by six African American directors of subsidized child care centers located in a low-income, racial ethnic minority area of Los Angeles, California. These programs are traditionally African American programs that experienced an influx of Latino immigrant enrollment. Using the integrative framework for children of color proposed by Garcia Coll et al. [Garcia Coll, C., Crinic, K., Lamberty, G., Wasik, B., Jenkins, R., Garcia Vazquez, H., et al. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67, 1891–1914], which places racial ethnicity in the center, we examined how these directors integrated professional standards of practice (developmentally appropriate practice) with community understandings of the role of preschool/child care in this community; the function of social stratification on their articulated practices; and their understanding as to how they include the Latino immigrant families. We discovered patterns that reflect a community-interpreted understanding of developmentally appropriate practice.