高校信息技术能力与办学绩效关系的实证研究

大量信息技术(IT)投资和应用所引发的"生产率悖论"问题的出现,使人们逐渐认识到IT本身并不一定能给组织带来更好的绩效。资源观理论认为,IT资源与IT能力是两个不同的概念。提高IT能力,才是发挥信息技术战略价值的关键所在。从能力视角对IT能力进行定义,可以将其分为技术性IT能力和管理性IT能力。技术性IT能力包括硬件兼容能力、软件模块化能力、网络连接能力和IT人员技术能力四个子维度;管理性IT能力包括管理能力、关系协调能力和战略匹配能力三个子维度。以工信部所属7所高校为样本,利用结构方程模型和多元回归分析方法,对高校IT能力与办学绩效关系的理论模型进行实证研究。结果显示,高校IT能力由技术性IT能力和管理性IT能力构成,管理性IT能力较技术性IT能力更显著、正向地直接影响高校的办学绩效;同时,管理性IT能力对技术性IT能力也产生了正向影响。     

Concreteness fading in learning secondary school physics concepts

Concreteness fading has been proposed as a general instructional approach to support learning of abstract mathematics and science concepts. Accordingly, organizing external knowledge representations in a three-step concrete-to-idealized sequence should be more beneficial than the reverse, concreteness introduction, sequence. So far, evidence for the benefits of concreteness fading come mainly from studies investigating learning of basic mathematics concepts. Studies on learning natural science concepts are scarce and have not implemented the full three-step-sequence. In an experimental classroom study (N = 70), we compared concreteness fading and concreteness introduction in high school science education about electromagnetic induction using a detailed assessment. Furthermore, we explored whether these sequences differentially affect the use of the different representations during instruction. Both sequences were equally effective and there were no differences in using the representations. We discuss why our results question the proposed advantages of concreteness fading and highlight conceptual differences and learning goals across domains.     

多传感器融合定位技术研究进展分析

随着GNSS及计算机技术的不断发展,人们对室内外位置服务的需求不断增加。学校、医院、展厅、写字楼等都需要使用准确的室内外定位信息,特别是在应对紧急情况时,室内定位信息显得尤为重要。本文分析了多传感器融合的室内外定位技术研究进展,提出了基于数据融合的多传感器融合定位平台,以GPS技术为主导,结合WIFI、航位推算等定位技术的方法,通过一定的数据融合算法,增强室内外定位的完备性,为进一步实现室内外无缝定位、智慧地球等提供了参考。     

Natural surface design for sliding mode control with multiple discontinuous inputs

It is well known that sliding mode control is based on the definition of an invariant manifold, where the system dynamics are forced to in a finite time. Such a manifold is somewhat arbitrarily defined, as long as the system dynamics are stable on it. Computational and control effort may vary depending on selected manifold. Obviously, if a system has naturally acceptable stable dynamics around a desired equilibrium point, no control is needed unless uncertainties or disturbances are present. It would be desirable that if such a system had uncertainties or disturbances, the control effort be designed only to overcome the effect of such factors. For a system with first order dynamics and affine control input, designing a sliding mode control overcoming only such uncertainties or disturbances is a trivial task. When a higher order dynamics system is involved, unit control may be used, where the input control signals are not discontinuous, but when only discontinuous control inputs are available, a design approach is not readily available. In this paper, taking advantage of the natural stable dynamics of a system, a sliding mode control approach is introduced for designing multiple discontinuous control inputs, where the control effort overcomes only uncertainties, disturbances or unstable dynamics. Two illustrative examples are given in order to show the feasibility of the method.     

基于多重螺旋协同创新理论的DEA评价模型——以皖江城市带为例

根据三螺旋模型的基本框架、产学研理论和系统动力学构建I-U-G-R-U多螺旋协同创新模型,基于该模型内嵌两阶段链DEA模型和多重螺旋协同创新评价指标体系,并以皖江城市带为例进行科技创新能力评价的实证分析。实证结果表明:I-U-G-R-U多螺旋协同创新模型的测度结果较好;皖江城市带存在显著的科技梯度现象,科技创新没能实现承续性以及存在各要素投入存在不合理等现象。从区域内科技创新来看,皖江城市带内部科技创新效率差异大;从分阶段科技创新来看,皖江城市带将科技创新成果转化为经济产出的效率明显高于将科技创新所需资源利用并转化为科技创新成果的效率。     

Exploring the relations between epistemic beliefs,emotions, and learning from texts

Conflicting claims about important socio-scientific debates are proliferating in contemporary society. It is therefore important to understand the individual characteristics that predict learning from conflicting claims. We explored individuals’ beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing (i.e., epistemic beliefs) and their emotions as potentially interrelated sets of learner characteristics that predict learning in such contexts. Undergraduate university students (N = 282) self-reported their topic-specific epistemic beliefs and were given three conflicting texts about climate change to read. Immediately after each of the three texts, participants self-reported the emotions they experienced. Following reading and self-report, participants wrote summaries of the conflicting texts. Text-mining and human coding were applied to summaries to construct two indices of learning from conflicting texts that reflected which source’s information is privileged in memory. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that epistemic beliefs were consistent in their predictions of emotions, which in turn variously predicted different learning outcomes. In particular, a belief that knowledge is justified by inquiry predicted surprise and curiosity, which at times facilitated learning. In contrast, confusion, predicted by passive reliance on external sources, related to impaired memory of conflicting content. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed for research on the relations between epistemic beliefs, emotions, and learning about controversial topics.     

Personality traits as a predictor of academic achievement in adolescents

The study examined the predictive value of adolescents’ personality trait ratings by different groups of informants in explaining academic achievement [grade point average (GPA)] while controlling for students’ sex and their mothers’ education. The Inventory of Child/Adolescent Individual Differences was employed as a measure of students’ personality traits at the end of elementary schooling (mean age = 14.7 years) and two years later when the participants attended secondary schools. The trait ratings were obtained through self‐, maternal and peer reports at both measurement occasions. They explained substantial portions of unique variance in the students’ GPA concurrently, and over time. Ratings by each of the three groups of informants had an incremental validity over one another in predicting school grades. Among personality variables, conscientiousness and low extraversion were consistently predictive of GPA.     

传统农业区稻田多个物种共存对病虫草害的生态控制效应——以贵州省从江县为例

本文运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业地区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了传统品种和现代品种在水稻单作(R)、稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)3种不同稻作方式下,稻田多个物种共存对稻田生态系统主要病虫草害及蜘蛛的影响。结果表明,就水稻品种而言,糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻,糯稻田与杂交稻田的稻飞虱虫量、稻纵卷叶螟虫量以及蜘蛛量差异不显著,杂交稻在3种稻作方式下的抗稻瘟病能力显著高于糯稻。就稻作方式而言,R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对稻田杂草鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、节节菜(Rotala indica)等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制效果显著优于其它的稻作方式;R-F-D系统的稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟虫量较水稻单作明显减少;R-F系统的蜘蛛数量最高;R-F-D系统的抗稻瘟病性最好。     

在废水处理过程中基于过程分析技术的多重响应优化

研究目的：基于过程分析技术框架,优化家禽业的废水处理工艺的性能。研究方法：生产商主要关注浊度和污泥容积指数（SVI）这两个响应。首先为每个响应建立移动平均（MA）和移动范围（MR）控制图,并在实验工作中重复两次3。全因子设计。基于模糊目标规划建立加权相加模型,并用于确定最佳的因子设置组合。最后,在最佳的因子设置组合条件下,对实验结果进行跟踪确认。重要结论：在絮凝剂为18mg／L、凝结剂为40．0mg／L和pH=4．0的最佳工艺条件下,得到的浊度和污泥体积指数的最佳值分别为6．184NTU和73．21ml／g。在此条件下得到的浊度和污泥沉降指数能够满足设计要求,它们的过程变异性分别显著下降了41．22％和77．75％,且多重能力指数从1．95显著增加至10．6。这表明此过程可行性很高。总之,加权相加模型是一种用于优化多个响应流程性能的有效技术,并且可以考虑工程师的首选设置流程。     

基于多元价值观的大学生心理危机干预机制研究

社会观念的多元化,使得价值观多元化发展并对当代大学生的心理发展产生很大的影响,探究在多元价值观视角下的大学生心理干预机制,可以更好地发挥价值观的引领作用,引导大学生在积极学习和正确吸收人类优秀文明成果的基础上发展形成良好的价值观,树立坚定的社会主义信念,培养学生新思想、新观念,培养学生在正确的指导思想引领下形成以社会主义核心价值体系为主的价值观,并发挥好导向作用,防止大学生在多元价值观中迷失方向,没有了辨识力。文章在对大学生价值观导向问题进行探究的基础上,阐明了多元价值观的作用和意义,以社会主义核心价值为主体正面引领大学生价值观发展,并分析了如何建立多元价值观视角的大学生心理干预机制,构建心理防护的网络,从而引导大学生在当前复杂的社会环境下坚定中国特色社会主义信念。