Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） for bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Objective:To review our experience of the treatment of bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Materials and methods: Retrospective chart review was followed by an on-clinic or telephone interview. Patients were cared for by one thoracic surgeon in four medical centers or community hospitals in Northern and Central Taiwan. Thirteen patients with bilateral PSP underwent bilateral VATS simultaneously or sequentially from July 1994 to December 2005. Results: Twelve males and one female, with age ranging from 15 to 36 years (mean 23.1 years), were treated with VATS for bilateral PSP, under the indications of bilateral pneumothoracis simultaneously (n=4) or sequentially (n=9). The interval between the first and second contra-lateral VATS procedure for non-simultaneous PSP patients ranged from 7 d to 6 years. Eleven of 13 patients (84.6%) had prominent pulmonary bullae/blebs, and underwent bullae resection with mechanical or chemical pleurodesis. The mean operative time was (45.6±18.3) min (range 25-96 min) and (120.6±28.7) min (range 84-166 min) respectively for the non-simultaneous (second VATS for the recurrence of contralateral side after first VATS) and simultaneous (bilateral VATS in one operation) procedures. There was no postoperative mortality. However, prolonged air leakage (>7 d) occurred in one patient (7.7%) who recovered after conservative treatment. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 3.1 d and the median follow up period was 3.4 years. Conclusions: VATS is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of bilateral PSP. Bilateral VATS is only recommended for patients with simultaneously bilateral PSP, because the incidence of recurrence, even with visible bullae, was not so high in my group and in some previous literature. Bilateral VATS in a supine position should only be used in selective cases, because of possible pleural adhesion or hidden bullae on the posterior side.     

中国美术中的审美特色

中国美术的审美特色是在漫长的岁月中形成的,它是和中国人的哲学观紧密相连的.这个审美特色缘起于诸子百家时期,在以后的发展和形成过程中又吸收了大量的外来思想,在各种思想的共同作用下逐渐定型,并在我国封建时代中到达了高峰.近代西学的进入给传统的审美思想带来了强劲的冲击,但百年的中西文化碰撞还没能让中国的审美特色发生质的变化,中国画的审美精神仍然是立足于中国人的哲学思想,发生变化的只是具体的技法.     

略论休克尔(4n 2)规则与有机物芳香性判别

本文就如何应用休克尔(4n 2)规则,方便、快速、准确地判别稠环、离子和富瓦烯等复杂体系的芳香性、进行了一些探讨,拓宽了休克尔(4n 2)规则的应用范围.     

Active changes of lignification-related enzymes in pepper response to Glomus intraradices and/or Phytophthora capsici

INTRODUCTION Plants have defense mechanisms against patho-gen infection by inducing systemic resistance in re-sponse to localized pretreatment with biological cotrol agents, thus making them resistant to subsequpathogen infection (Caruso et al., 1999; Hammschmidt, 1999; Mohammadi and Kazemi, 2002; yada et al., 1995; Pozo et al., 2002; Ray et al., 199Biological control of plant pathogens has receivmuch more attention. It is well known that plants amicroorganisms symbiosis is a defense m…     

三个代表"重要思想:马克思主义理论发展的新境界

"三个代表"重要思想以高度浓缩的形式体现着唯物主义历史观和科学社会主义的基本原理,蕴含着马克思主义关于共产主义社会经济、政治和文化基本特征的规定,包含着毛泽东、邓小平的一系列重要思想,因而是马克思主义本质的体现,与马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论一脉相承。同时,"三个代表"重要思想又是对新的历史条件、新的历史任务和党的建设面临的新问题的新概括,它本身就是一个理论整体,体现了卓越的理论创造性,并以一系列新思想、新观点和新论断发展了马克思主义。"三个代表"重要思想本身就是发展着的马克思主义,是党在新世纪的新的理论武装。     

从论才三章看孟子的性善论

孟子所谓人性之善,不仅是一种理论的可能性和逻辑的必然性,而且具有存在性的先天内容。《告子上》第六、七、八章,这里称为孟子"论才三章"。其中所言之"才",是在"与人相近"的好恶之情上呈现人的"良心"或"仁义之心"。良心以"好恶"迎拒事物,必缘境而显现为当下性的种种"端"。孟子举四端为例说明此"端"的逻辑内涵,但所谓"端",却并不局限于"四端"。人心诸"端"既非某种预设性的现成天赋道德情感,亦非某种由积习而成的经验性情感。"端"是人心作为"能、知"共属一体的原初存在方式,在具体境域中的一种当场性和缘构性的必然情态表现。它表明,人心不仅在理性上具有对仁义诸道德规定之"同然",而且在情感实存上内在真实地拥有这仁义,具有实现善之先天的才具。故孟子所谓性善,是一种具有存在必然性的本善,而非仅具某种可能性的向善。     

科举的公正诉求与乡土中国的社会流动

公正是贯穿科举考试中的一条红线。科举考试对官宦庶民一视同仁,从考场专门设置、糊名誊录、双重定等第、别头试和锁厅试等方法的采用,都力图给中小地主阶级和平民百姓通过科举入仕实现向上社会流动提供了一个公平竞争的平台。公平竞争、择优录取是科举制得以长期存在的重要原因,科举制度使封建社会通过选纳社会精英进入政治权力中心而不时迸发出活力。     

Si3N4陶瓷二次部分瞬间液相连接数值模拟

利用热弹塑性有限元方法，通过瞬态热结构直接耦合，模拟Si3N4陶瓷二次部分瞬问液相连接过程，分析了连接接头残余应力分布状态和中间层对此连接接头应力分布的影响。结果表明：陶瓷外表面靠近连接界面的附近存在最大拉伸应力；采用Ti／Cu／Ni／Cu／Ti中间过渡层的接头应力出现大幅度的降低；陶瓷与金属之间热膨胀系数的巨大差异是导致残余应力的主要原因，采用中间过渡层能缓和接头的残余应力，提高接头强度。     

布儒斯特角显微镜和单分子膜表面形貌研究技术

用布儒斯特角显微镜研究了花生酸分子成膜过程中单分子膜表面形貌的动态变化，发现在气／液界面上花生酸分子首先形成岛状分布，随着表面压的增加形成完整的单分子膜，而当表面压达到崩溃压后薄膜出现裂纹，分子膜重叠，形成多层膜。分析了花生酸单分子膜的形成机理。