Automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D solid NURBS models

An automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D geological solid models is presented.The 3D geological models are built applying the non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) technique,and a 2D profile can be calculated and generated automatically through Boolean operation to meet the demands of dredging projects.Moreover,an automatic marking method for geological attributes is put forward based on database technology,and the geological attributes include the profile name,scale,horizontal and vertical relative coordinates,geological lithology,and 2D standard lithology legend.At the same time,the automatic marking method can also provide an interactive mode for geological engineers to edit and modify the profile in the modeling system.Practical engineering applications show that the automatic generation method is a simple,flexible,fast and precise visual graphics rendering process that can create 2D standard profiles automatically and efficiently.This method also provides a convenient support tool for geological engineering digital analysis.     

基于NURBS模型的自由曲线加工轨迹自适应生成方法(英文)

为实现NURBS曲面快速高精度实时差补,提出了基于修正型sigmoid函数的动力学模型,给出了最大速度、弓高误差、加工曲线的曲率半径和插补周期之间的约束条件.该模型在满足jerk、加速度、速度均连续的前提下,将常用的三次多项式S型以及三角多项式S型动力学模型的15个分段数减少至3个.在此基础上,提出采用差商代替导数的优化Adams算法,避免了常用的Taylor展开所遇到的高阶求导计算,求取了差补周期参数.最后通过减少低次零值B样条基函数的计算,对De Boor-Cox递推算法进行了简化设计,提出了精简型De Boor-Cox算法,缩减了计算量.仿真分析表明,所提算法可根据加工路径有效控制进给速度,在保证加工精度的同时,使计算量得到减少,提高了运算速度.实验结果显示本加工方法可以正确计算目标参数,并适合应用于实际加工系统.     

Improvement of enamel bond strengths for conventional and resin-modified glass ionomers: acid-etching vs. conditioning

Objective:This study deals with the effect of phosphoric acid etching and conditioning on enamel micro-tensile bond strengths(μTBSs)of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements(GICs/RMGICs).Methods:Forty-eight bovine incisors were prepared into rectangular blocks.Highly-polished labial enamel surfaces were either acid-etched,conditioned with liquids of cements,or not further treated(control).Subsequently,two matching pre-treated enamel surfaces were cemented together with one of four cements[two GICs:Fuji I(GC),Ketac Cem Easymix(3M ESPE);two RMGICs:Fuji Plus(GC),RelyX Luting(3M ESPE)]in preparation forμTBS tests.Pre-treated enamel surfaces and cement-enamel interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results:Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the enamelμTBS of GICs/RMGICs.Conditioning with the liquids of the cements produced significantly weaker or equivalent enamelμTBS compared to the control.Regardless of etching,RMGICs yielded stronger enamelμTBS than GICs.A visible hybrid layer was found at certain enamelcement interfaces of the etched enamels.Conclusions:Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the enamelμTBSs of GICs/RMGICs.Phosphoric acid etching should be recommended to etch the enamel margins before the cementation of the prostheses such as inlays and onlays,using GICs/RMGICs to improve the bond strengths.RMGICs provided stronger enamel bond strength than GICs and conditioning did not increase enamel bond strength.     

Yellowing of Oil-Based Paints

Summary

The cause of yellowing of oil-based paints has been investigated by analysing drying oils simultaneously by iodometry (to determine the degree of oxidation) and by colorimetry. It was found that yellowing of drying oils can be attributed to co-oxidation reactions of contaminants. Yellowing level is closely related to the extent of drying and appears to be unaffected by increase in temperature, the addition of driers, or linolenate content.     

基于可视化语言的图像表面控制

许多复杂的图像处理需要结合其他的图像处理算法才能实现,因此,主要介绍了计算机图像处理中的图像草稿效果算法,并在该算法的基础上利用VB6.0语言所提供的图像处理功能实现了图像表面的草稿效果。     

如何对表面贴装印刷电路板(SMT PCB)进行缺陷检查

在最近十年,伴随着表面贴装印刷电路板生产自动化程度的飞速发展,对其相应的质量缺陷检查也提出了更高的要求,从简单的摄像系统到复杂的“3-D”X光检测系统,自动光学检测系统大量被各生产厂家采用。本文从表面贴装印刷电路板的缺陷分析和缺陷种类及缺陷检查过程各方面分析了自动光学检测系统的应用。     

基于虚拟仪器的肌电信号处理方法研究

根据肌肉收缩力量的大小取决于运动神经纤维传出动作电位频率的特征,采用功率谱比值法对表面肌电信号(SMES)进行特征提取,并通过Labview编程实现算法,计算功率谱中最大值附近一定范围内的能量占整个功率谱能量的比值K。经过多次实验,可以实现根据K值来有效地识别肌肉动作模式。采用虚拟仪器技术可提高测量精度,降低成本,减少计算工作量。     

表面张力在生活现象中的应用分析

表面张力是液体的重要性质之一。毛细现象是浸润液体在细管中升高或不浸润液体在细管中降低的现象。它在日常生活和生产中都有着广泛的应用。植物的根茎把地下水输送到茎、叶,人类和动物在呼吸过程中,氧气和二氧化碳在肺泡处的交换,人或动物的血管中混合气泡的危害等,均可用液体的表面张力给以准确的解释。     

Surface cleaning? Yes,freshly grated Agar gel,please

Polysaccharide-based rigid hydrogels are by now well-established means for delivering water or, more generally an aqueous solution, to a surface in a controllable way so as to minimize diffusion and possible side-effects on water-sensitive materials during cleaning treatments. These gels can be applied as pre-formed solid bricks on planar surfaces or brushed onto objects in a semi-solid state. In this note, a different application procedure is presented, suitable for surface cleaning treatments of sensitive painted surfaces: pre-formed rigid gels grated to tiny particles that can be brushed onto the surface. A general discussion on the strategies that can be adopted when water is required to clean a water-sensitive soiled surface is presented, then the new procedure is discussed and a representative case study is shown, supporting the procedure described.     

Altered surfaces,taking the long view: Applications of ethnographic conservation practices to the conservation of contemporary art

While working together on tradition-based and contemporary works at the Smithsonian's National Museum of African Art (NMAfA) and in private practice, the authors found that their expertise in ethnographic conservation can be applied to the conservation of contemporary works. The treatment approach to ethnographic works has evolved over decades, shifting from alteration of original surfaces and heavy restoration to an emphasis on preserving the original integrity of the artwork through minimal intervention. This paper describes the evolution of ethnographic object conservation regarding surface alteration, while specifically focusing on African objects, and discusses applications of this approach to the conservation of contemporary art. The historical change in treatment attitudes is presented using examples from NMAfA's collections to underscore why the profession developed a minimal intervention approach and to argue for the relevance of this approach to related contemporary media.