Teaching science skills and knowledge to students with developmental disabilities: A systematic review

A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify current practice on teaching science to students with intellectual disability (ID) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in relation to two review questions—students' science outcomes and students' and teachers' experiences of the interventions. Six databases related to education, psychology, and science were systematically searched. A detailed protocol can be viewed on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42017057323). Thirty studies were identified that reported on science interventions and 20 on student/teacher experiences of the interventions. The majority of the studies targeted science vocabulary and concepts. Other targets included inquiry skills and comprehension skills. The majority of the interventions used components of systematic instruction (n = 23). Five studies focused on self-directed learning and two on comprehension-based instruction. Students and teachers reported positive experiences of the interventions. The findings suggest that components of systematic instruction in particular might be effective in teaching science content to students with ID and/or ASD. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of identified interventions on teaching more complex science skills and with students with severe disabilities. Some limitations related to the search strategy are highlighted.     

‘I'm ready for a new chapter’: The voices of young people with autism spectrum disorder in transition to post-16 education and employment

This study explores the views and experiences of 12 young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in transition to post-16 education and employment, in light of the changes introduced by the new special educational needs and disability (SEND) legislation in England. The extension of provision until the age of 25, and the introduction of person-centred education, health and care (EHC) plans, have given a significant place to the views of young people with SEND and their families. The views, wishes and aspirations of young people must be captured in the newly developed plans, reflecting the statutory requirement for local authorities to systematically record these in a biopsychosocial way, focusing on participation and well-being. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people with ASD attending specialist settings or receiving specialist support under the new EHC plans. These were analysed inductively, through thematic analysis. The findings suggest that at the time of transition, young people with ASD want to become increasingly more independent, present ambivalent feelings about their future and acknowledge the relevance of support systems in their lives. Implications for practice and future research are discussed, in light of the new English policy context.     

荧光光谱法研究黄豆苷原与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱法在pH7.4的PBS中研究了黄豆苷原（Daidzein,Da）与牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albu-min,BSA）的相互作用.结果表明Da可静态猝灭BSA的内源荧光,温度升高时受动态猝灭的影响变得明显.二者之间的结合位点数约为1.5,315 K、310 K,300 K和290 K时的表观结合常数分别为5.44×104L.mol-1,5.70×104L.mol-1,5.29×104L.mol-1和5.69×104L.mol-1.焓变为0.2969 kJ.mol-1,熵变为91.78为J.mol-1.K-1,各温度下的自由能变均小于零,热力学参数表明二者之间主要靠静电力发生作用,熵变对反应过程具有较大贡献,且反应是自发过程.同步荧光光谱表明Da的加入改变了BSA的构像,使色氨酸残基的微环境亲水性增强.本研究对于阐明Da与蛋白的相互作用机理具有借鉴意义.     

Generation of four-photon entangled states based on interaction between a three-level atom and two bimodal cavities

A simple scheme is presented for generating four-photon entangled states with interaction between a three-level atom and two bimodal cavities.In the proposed protocol,the quantum information is encoded on Fock states of the cavity fields.The detection of the atom can collapse the cavity made/wave function to the desired state.The experimental feasibility of our proposal is also discussed.     

一类新超混沌系统及其自同步

基于一个三维混沌系统构造了一个新的四维超混沌系统,利用系统的分岔图、Lyapunov指数谱图和相图分析方法研究了该系统的运动规律．根据线性系统稳定性定理,设计了一种非线性反馈控制器,实现了该超混沌系统的自同步,数值模拟结果验证了理论分析的正确性．     

Na2SO4胁迫对小麦幼苗期生理的影响

分别用浓度为50 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L,200 mmol/L的Na2SO4溶液和蒸馏水（CK）对幼苗期的小麦胁迫72 h后,测定各组小麦叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性。试验表明该小麦品种在100～150 mmol/L的浓度范围内叶绿素含量及过氧化氢酶活性都为最高且接近于CK,而在50和200 mmol/L的浓度下,小麦的叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性都有不同程度的降低。     

取代基酞菁铜的合成与表征

首先以3,6-二羟基邻苯二甲腈和氯代正丁烷为起始反应物,在无水碳酸钾的催化作用下,经亲核取代反应,在DMF（N,N-二甲基甲酰胺）溶剂中合成了中间配体3,6-二丁氧基邻苯二腈,再以此配体和氯化亚铜为前体,采用DBU液相催化法合成了周边烷氧基取代的1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基酞菁铜,经过元素分析、红外、荧光、紫外可见光谱和原子吸收表征证明,产物就是目标化合物取代基酞菁铜。     

Getting good at small talk: student-directed learning of social conversation skills

For students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), learning social skills is an intricate but essential task to facilitate social inclusion and participation. Limited research is available on social skills interventions for adolescents with ASD and intellectual disabilities (ID). This article presents a case study that illustrates how the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction was used to improve self-chosen social conversation skills in a Norwegian 14-year old student with ASD and mild ID. This case study illustrates that, also for students with ASD and ID, giving them the opportunity to set personally relevant goals may improve their autonomous motivation, thereby increasing the likelihood of goal attainment.     

噪声环境中基于DTW的说话人识别

在VC++环境下,提取PLAR特征参数,基于听觉特性和语谱特性的语音增强器作为预处理器,对语音信号首先进行降噪处理,建立了基于DTW的抗噪声说话人识别系统.实验结果表明,即使在信噪比比较低的情况下,该系统都会在一定程度上提高多种噪声环境下说话人识别系统的识别性能.     

Development of a space cold atom clock

Atomic clocks with cold atoms play important roles in the field of fundamental physics as well as primary frequency standards. Operating such cold atom clocks in space paves the way for further exploration in fundamental physics, for example dark matter and general relativity. We developed a space cold atom clock (SCAC), which was launched into orbit with the Space Lab TG-2 in 2016. Before it deorbited with TG-2 in 2019, the SCAC had been working continuously for almost 3 years. During the period in orbit, many scientific experiments and engineering tests were performed. In this article, we summarize the principle, development and in-orbit results. These works provide the basis for construction of a space-borne time-frequency system in deep space.