Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中华全国基督教协进会与抗战时期难童救济

抗战时期,难童作为一个特殊的群体引起了上至国民政府,下至各种民间组织的积极关注,难童救济逐渐展开。中华全国基督教协进会作为一个在华各差会的协调机构,发起全国四十余城的战时难童救济事工,成为各种难童救济组织中一股特殊的力量,也是其在华慈善事业的一个重要组成部分。     

留洋学者与南雍学术

在南京高等师范学校、东南大学时期,学校的学术研究极为活跃。究其原因,主要是占全校师资三分之二的留洋学者发挥了中坚作用。南高、东大作为“中国科学社的大本营”,“展开了中国科学的奠基工作,成为中国科学发展的一个主要基地”。以留洋学者为骨干的“学衡派”主张“昌明国粹,融化新知”;参与创办《新教育》,为中国教育界开辟了一条研究、借鉴西方教育的重要渠道;竺可桢、熊庆来、秉志、茅以升、胡刚复等一批科学大师将西方现代科学引进国内。     

国家助学贷款政策的制度性缺陷及其改进

我国国家助学贷款风险大、执行难的根本原因在于现行助学贷款政策未能建立有效的目标导向机制及合理的风险分担机制。有效的目标导向机制应有助于银行商业目标的实现和各种金融手段的充分利用；合理的风险分担机制要求按照“谁受益谁付费”原则，由助学贷款相关各方共同承担责任，合力规避贷款风险。     

Too Much,Too Young? An Analysis of the Key Stage 3 National Literacy Strategy in Practice

This article was first drafted after I worked for 14 weeks last year in a school that was piloting the National Literacy Strategy at Key Stage 3. I now work in another school delivering the full published Strategy to Year 7. In this article, I explore the contradictions inherent in the Strategy in attempting to develop the English and literacy skills of Key Stage 3 pupils. Ultimately, my argument is that the educational benefits of this teaching to objectives is at odds with some of the deeper aims of the Strategy and of English teaching, and that the constant assessment involved puts too much pressure on our youngsters at an age when they should be concentrating on social development as people.     

A National Curriculum for Wales: A Case Study of Education Policy-Making in the Era of Administrative Devolution

The 1988 Education Reform Act legislated for a statutory curriculum in state-funded schools in England and Wales. This study explores how, out of a common curriculum framework for both countries, there emerged a school curriculum that was adapted to the distinctiveness of the linguistic and cultural context in Wales. The roles of those most closely involved in policy development in Wales are examined as is the relationship between the 'national' and 'territorial' arenas of policy-making in the months leading up to publication of the Education Reform Bill in November 1987. It is argued that a pragmatic approach to policy development in Wales during that period laid the foundations both for a reworking of the 1988 curriculum framework during the 1990s and for potentially more radical change following the 2002 Education Act.     

新加坡的教育分流制度及对我国教育改革的启示

本分析了新加坡教育分流制度的理论依据，对其教育分流制度进行了详细的阐述，并从精英与大众，划一与求多，职教与普教三个方面研究 新加坡的教育分流制度对我国教育改革的启示。     

贵州省苗族地区中小学民族文化课程开发的个案研究

通过对贵州省苗族地区中小学民族文化课程开发现状的个案调查，发现民族地区民族文化课程开发还停留在浅层面，学校课程尚未成为民族文化传承的主渠道，地方课程资源开发不力，致使学生对民族义化疏于了解。就此认为民族地区基础教育民族文化课程的开发应从观念层面、政策层面、支持系统及实践层面等方面进行，以推进民族文化课程的实施。     

三个代表"重要思想:马克思主义理论发展的新境界

"三个代表"重要思想以高度浓缩的形式体现着唯物主义历史观和科学社会主义的基本原理,蕴含着马克思主义关于共产主义社会经济、政治和文化基本特征的规定,包含着毛泽东、邓小平的一系列重要思想,因而是马克思主义本质的体现,与马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论一脉相承。同时,"三个代表"重要思想又是对新的历史条件、新的历史任务和党的建设面临的新问题的新概括,它本身就是一个理论整体,体现了卓越的理论创造性,并以一系列新思想、新观点和新论断发展了马克思主义。"三个代表"重要思想本身就是发展着的马克思主义,是党在新世纪的新的理论武装。     

国家审计与社会审计相互关系问题的思考

从国家审计和社会审计在审计的监管权限等实践操作中看,存在许多方面的不足.如何协调二者的关系,解决审计过程中的矛盾,以及探索其未来关系的走向,是本文试图浅谈的目的所在.