计算机与文科科研及教学

语言学和自然科学思潮的关系,是近代自然科学和社会科学交叉的重要部分。其中,现代语言学与计算机的关系,主要体现在两个方面：一是计算机对语言学的贡献,二是语言学对计算机的贡献。本文着重讨论计算语言学、语言学研究以及语言数据加工等问题。     

青海自然灾害对农业的危害及防灾减灾

本文简述了青海省自然灾害的现状、特点,几种主要自然灾害的危害及未来气候预测和自然灾害的趋势,并有针对性地提出了防灾减灾的对策与措施。     

Preventing profiling for ethical fake news detection

A news article’s online audience provides useful insights about the article’s identity. However, fake news classifiers using such information risk relying on profiling. In response to the rising demand for ethical AI, we present a profiling-avoiding algorithm that leverages Twitter users during model optimisation while excluding them when an article’s veracity is evaluated. For this, we take inspiration from the social sciences and introduce two objective functions that maximise correlation between the article and its spreaders, and among those spreaders. We applied our profiling-avoiding algorithm to three popular neural classifiers and obtained results on fake news data discussing a variety of news topics. The positive impact on prediction performance demonstrates the soundness of the proposed objective functions to integrate social context in text-based classifiers. Moreover, statistical visualisation and dimension reduction techniques show that the user-inspired classifiers better discriminate between unseen fake and true news in their latent spaces. Our study serves as a stepping stone to resolve the underexplored issue of profiling-dependent decision-making in user-informed fake news detection.     

Semantic matching in machine reading comprehension: An empirical study

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a challenging task in the field of artificial intelligence. Most existing MRC works contain a semantic matching module, either explicitly or intrinsically, to determine whether a piece of context answers a question. However, there is scant work which systematically evaluates different paradigms using semantic matching in MRC. In this paper, we conduct a systematic empirical study on semantic matching. We formulate a two-stage framework which consists of a semantic matching model and a reading model, based on pre-trained language models. We compare and analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of using semantic matching modules with different setups on four types of MRC datasets. We verify that using semantic matching before a reading model improves both the effectiveness and efficiency of MRC. Compared with answering questions by extracting information from concise context, we observe that semantic matching yields more improvements for answering questions with noisy and adversarial context. Matching coarse-grained context to questions, e.g., paragraphs, is more effective than matching fine-grained context, e.g., sentences and spans. We also find that semantic matching is helpful for answering who/where/when/what/how/which questions, whereas it decreases the MRC performance on why questions. This may imply that semantic matching helps to answer a question whose necessary information can be retrieved from a single sentence. The above observations demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using semantic matching in different scenarios.     

永春县自然资源及其开发利用

应用综合观点,分析永春县自然资源特点,自然资源开发利用的现状和存在的主要问题,探讨了加快永春县自然资源开发利用的主要对策措施     

天然沸石的开发利用

根据天然沸石的结构及其选择吸附的特性,分析了它在洗涤剂、农业、饲料、建筑材料及其它方面广泛的开发和利用前途．     

情报检索语言与主题网关

论文以主题网关的典范——英国社会科学主题网关(SOSIG)为例，分析了主题网关利用情报检索语言的做法，包括对分类语言、主题语言和自然语言的利用。最后得出情报检索语言在网络环境中仍然可以发挥信息组织的有效作用；同时为了更好地适应网络环境，应当对情报检索语言进行必要的改造。     

自然语言识别在WWW搜索引擎中的应用

介绍了自然语言识别技术及其发展过程 ,通过和传统搜索引擎的比较 ,阐述了基于自然语言的网络信息检索工具的优势和应用方向 ,并指出自然语言搜索引擎是未来智能化网络信息检索的发展方向。     

论当前环境伦理学教材建设中的理论硬伤

环境伦理学是一门属于哲学范畴的新兴科学,对其研究对象及诸多理论问题,在认识上,国内外还存在着相当大的分歧,尤其是对关键的研究对象、学科的社会特性和人们争论较大的自然价值及三个"中心论"问题等方面,造成了严重妨碍学科本身发展的硬伤.     

国内自然语言处理研究热点分析——基于共词分析

在确定国内自然语言处理领域使用频率最高的61个关键词的基础上,运用共词分析法,以SPSS软件为工具,通过因子分析和聚类分析的方法,并借鉴相关研究结果,探讨国内自然语言处理研究现状及研究热点。