Pronounce differently,mean differently: A multi-tagging-scheme learning method for Chinese NER integrated with lexicon and phonetic features

Named Entity Recognition (NER) aims to automatically extract specific entities from the unstructured text. Compared with performing NER in English, Chinese NER is more challenging in recognizing entity boundaries because there are no explicit delimiters between Chinese characters. However, most previous researches focused on the semantic information of the Chinese language on the character level but ignored the importance of the phonetic characteristics. To address these issues, we integrated phonetic features of Chinese characters with the lexicon information to help disambiguate the entity boundary recognition by fully exploring the potential of Chinese as a pictophonetic language. In addition, a novel multi-tagging-scheme learning method was proposed, based on the multi-task learning paradigm, to alleviate the data sparsity and error propagation problems that occurred in the previous tagging schemes, by separately annotating the segmentation information of entities and their corresponding entity types. Extensive experiments performed on four Chinese NER benchmark datasets: OntoNotes4.0, MSRA, Resume, and Weibo, show that our proposed method consistently outperforms the existing state-of-the-art baseline models. The ablation experiments further demonstrated that the introduction of the phonetic feature and the multi-tagging-scheme has a significant positive effect on the improvement of the Chinese NER task.     

Multi-layer data integration technique for combining heterogeneous crime data

Analysis of publicly available human and drug trafficking crime data faces the challenge of finding a comprehensive dataset that includes a sufficiently large number of crime incidents. Our proposed methodology attempts to address this challenge by using entity resolution techniques to merge multiple state-wide crime datasets and a county-wide incident report dataset to get a clearer picture of a category of criminal activity in a geographical area. This methodology combines incident reports, crime reports, and court records to close any gaps that may be present in a single data source. We apply this methodology to create a dataset that includes drug and human trafficking related crimes and incidents from three distinct sources (from Louisville Open Data Crime Reports, Federal Bureau of Investigation Kentucky Crime Incidents, and the Kentucky Online Offender Lookup website) to provide researchers data to study the link between drug and human trafficking related crimes. In a case study performed with the new merged dataset, an XGBoost classifier was able to label a 7-day sliding time window, within any given county, as containing a human trafficking related incident or not with a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.86.     

Storm crowds: Evidence from Zooniverse on crowd contribution design

What is the impact of platform design on crowdsourcing contributions? The proliferation of platforms with distributed content production, such as Wikipedia, Zooniverse, and others, has led to scholarly interest in understanding why individuals contribute to them. One stream of research has investigated contributor motivations, while another growing stream, scattered across several disciplines, has explored the effect of platform design on contributions. One important design element is the extent to which incomplete, or partial, contributions are possible - a concept we refer to in this paper as “tolerance to incompleteness.” We explore the relationship between this design element and crowds’ willingness to contribute in the context of Zooniverse, the world’s largest citizen science platform. Our quasi-experimental empirical approach exploits a format change that decreased tolerance to incompleteness in one Zooniverse project. The results of a difference-in-differences estimation show that after the format change, editors contributed fewer total edits, but more complete edits than predicted in the absence of a change. Users also spent less time contributing to the project post-change. Moreover, we find a trade-off between the quantity and quality of complete edits, with the quality of complete edits lower post-change. Our findings have implications for the design of a growing number of crowdsourcing platforms that involve simple, independent, and well-structured tasks.     

自然手语与文法手语的区别简

自然手语和文法手语是聋人间及聋人与听人间交流的两种普遍方式。自从1960年美国语言学权威史多基博士得出了手语是一门语言学意义上的语言的结论后,手语便作为语言来研究。文章从两者的适用范围差异、特点上的差异、语法的差异这三方面进行论述,在语法的差异上,例举实例,便于直观地体会二者在语法上的差异。     

山居书写：王崇炳《望江南》组词的生态意识及其对现代人的启示

王崇炳以“山居乐”为题的《望江南》组词,体现了独特的自然审美和对传统耕读文化的体验与升华.山居书写,既标举了一种地方自然与人文结合的简单生活观,又回应了后现代社会对“诗意栖居”的向往与追寻.     

封闭方腔自然对流传热的场协同分析

文章采用有限元方法数值研究了封闭方腔自然对流传热问题,并基于场协同理论分析了速度场与温度梯度场的协同关系,进一步深层次分析了协同角场同速度场、温度场、温度梯度场之间的协同关系,展示了不同瑞利数下方腔自然对流速度场和温度梯度的协同效果,着重探讨了各物理场对封闭方腔协同角的影响规律,同时表明以协同角为评价指标,可有助于改善局部的传热效果,从而深层次理解强化自然对流传热的机理,为实际工程的传热强化提供了理论依据。     

2009年-2013年《大理学院学报》（自然科学）载文分析

为研究《大理学院学报》自然科学类文章载文现状,探索应对策略,以2009年-2013年《大理学院学报》自然科学类文章9期共229篇文章作为样本,借助中国知网数据库进行高级检索,采用手工方法进行数据统计,从载文量、基金论文、被引论文、出版时滞4个方面对2009年-2013年《大理学院学报》自然科学类文章载文现状进行了文献计量学分析。结果显示,学报载文量基本趋于稳定,出版时滞控制力度良好,基金论文比逐年提高,2009年-2013年总被引240次,篇均被引频次达到1.33次/篇。     

基于语义加权的引文网络社区划分研究

为提高引文网络社区划分的准确性,以文档之间的语义关系以及引文之间的引用关系为基础,结合词汇在文档中的位置关系等信息,构建基于词汇语义加权的引文网络。通过GloVe模型对词汇向量化以充分利用词汇语义信息,结合WMD模型度量文献之间的相似度,把文档相似度的计算转变为在约束条件下求线性规划最优解的问题,结合文本的内容及结构特征对网络中的边进行赋权,以Louvain社区发现算法对加权后的引文网络进行社区划分,并对划分后的社区进行分析与检验,实验证明GloVe-WMD模型可提高引文网络社区划分的准确度。     

科学基金项目实施过程管理研究——基于质量问责视角

目前国家自然科学基金资助项目面临越来越大的绩效压力,随着资助绩效滞后性和资助年限延长,项目实施过程对于科学基金资助绩效的重要性日益凸显,为此亟需完善项目实施过程的管理。项目实施过程管理能够通过问责项目质量提高科学基金资助绩效。研究发现,当前科学基金过程管理的问责现状难以涵盖项目质量的全部要求,项目组应对现阶段过程管理问责时采取的认知策略也不利于科学基金提升资助绩效。以质量问责视角重新设计的项目实施过程管理机制,能够完善上述不足并解决现有问题,进而保障和提升科学基金资助绩效。     

从《自然资源》到《资源科学》：资源类科技期刊发展的一个例证——纪念中国自然资源学会成立30周年

1977年创刊的《自然资源》是我国最早专注于资源问题研究的学术期刊,1998年更名为《资源科学》,她与同属于中国自然资源学会旗下的《自然资源学报》和《Journal of Resources & Ecology》同宗同源,构成我国资源科学领域最重要的核心期刊。该刊发展经历了筹备试刊、方向定位、稳步发展、领域拓展和网络化等5个阶段,刊期由半年刊、季刊、双月刊发展到月刊,年载文量也由创刊初期的仅仅20来篇一直跃升到300篇左右。在刊载内容上,从准确、快速地传播自然资源考察的信息和成果,阐述自然资源的数量、质量、分布、变化以及资源开发利用评价,发展到研究和讨论资源配置、资源流动过程、资源开发的环境效应、世界资源研究等方面。在专业领域,土地资源、水资源和生物资源研究始终占据优势地位,近些年来能源资源、资源经济、资源信息方面的文章快速增加。在中国自然资源学会成立30周年之际,本文通过回顾从《自然资源》到《资源科学》的发展历程,分析其发展特征,阐述科技期刊对学科发展的贡献和意义,展望资源类科技期刊发展面临的机遇和挑战。