如何通过强制来培养自由——赫尔巴特《论对世界的审美展示是教育的主要任务》之研究

发表于1804年的《论对世界的审美展示是教育的主要任务》是赫尔巴特第一篇系统探讨教育的论文。他主要受康德的影响和激发,试图在此文中借助审美提出一种教育影响理论,以解决康德＂如何通过强制来培养自由＂的教育难题：教育者只有借助对世界的审美展示,才能通过无强制的强制去培养人的自由。赫尔巴特把这一思想在其两年后的《普通教育学》中加以系统化和深化。从《论对世界的审美展示是教育的主要任务》到《普通教育学》不仅显示了赫尔巴特教育学思想产生的＂秘密＂及其发展趋向,同时也体现了赫尔巴特从德国当时强调审美救赎的浪漫传统向西方＂知识即道德＂的理性主义传统的回归。     

交变负荷训练对机体影响的实验研究

采用交变负荷力量训练系统,对实验对象进行交变负荷力量训练,通过和传统杠铃下肢力量训练相比较,发现交变负荷力量训练能够在短时间内有效地提高肌肉的最大力量,同时实验对象身体形态指标正常(体重稍有下降、体脂趋于优化)。     

网格技术对数字图书馆信息服务的影响

本文介绍了网格的概念和体系结构，并分析了其在信息资源管理中体现的功能，简要讨论了将网格技术应用于数字图书馆后会给数字图书馆的信息服务带来的影响。参考文献4。     

建立网络媒体国际监管体系的设想

网络媒体在推动人类社会发生重大变革、带来高度文明和巨大进步的同时,也对国际政治秩序、国际经济秩序和世界文化秩序产生了负面影响.研究和建立网络媒体国际监管体系,必须坚持国家利益、国家管理、国家法律与国际合作相结合的原则.建立国际网络媒体监管体系的途径有:建立网络媒体国际法制体系,组建国际网络媒体执法团队,建立国际网络媒体监管机构.     

Generalizing from negative contact: The causal sequence problem and proposed mechanisms of (negative) secondary transfer effects

The secondary transfer effect (STE) describes how contact with one outgroup (the so-called ‘primary outgroup’) can affect evaluations of another outgroup (the so-called ‘secondary outgroup’), that was uninvolved in the contact scenario. This research is about the transfer of negative contact. There are only few studies on the STE from negative contact available and even less longitudinal ones. We conducted such a longitudinal study, utilizing data from the GESIS-Panel, (N = 390; 3 survey waves). We investigated negative STE in an understudied intergroup context: forced migration. The primary outgroup was comprised of ‘foreigners’, living in Germany, the secondary outgroup were ‘refugees.’ We investigated three mechanisms by which negative STE might occur: firstly, contact might affect the primary outgroup attitude, which then affects the secondary outgroup attitude – a mechanism termed ‘attitude generalization.’ Secondly contact might be mediated by the general acceptance of diversity and thereby evaluations of outgroups associated with cultural diversity – a mechanism termed ‘multiculturalism.’ Lastly, contact might affect the perceived threat posed by the primary outgroup, and consequentially evaluations of secondary outgroups – a mechanism that we term ‘primary outgroup threat.’ Applying a cross-lagged panel mediation model, we investigated these theorized mechanisms. Negative STE emerged directly and also indirectly via ‘attitude generalization’ and ‘multiculturalism’ – findings congruent with previous cross-sectional research. Contrary to previous research no indirect effect via ‘primary outgroup threat’ emerged. Our results provide additional empirical evidence for negative STE. They further indicate that negative- and positive STE might operate via similar mechanisms.     

否定词+but结构的表意与汉译

“否定词＋but”是英语中的一个常见结构。前加不同的否定词会使该结构表示不同的意义;即使否定词相同,在不同的语言环境中其含义也相差甚远,必须正确理解该结构的意义才能进行准确翻译。     

公式化语言的认知理据及对听力教学的影响

公式化语言在自然语言使用中占有很大的比例。长期以来公式化语言的研究受到冷落,似乎它与行为主义等同。本文从神经生物学和认知心理学与认知语言学以及Swai n的输出假设为出发点论述了公式化语言发生的心理机制,并用实验证明了公式化语言对听力理解具有促进作用。     

二语习得中的母语迁移探析

语言迁移是外语学习中普遍存在的一种现象。它分为正迁移和负迁移。正迁移促进外语学习,负迁移则妨碍外语学习,母语的正迁移和负迁移及其对英语教学的启示是本文要探讨的重点。     

浅论学校纪律与学生个体自由之关系—基于以赛亚·伯林自由观的理论分析简

学校纪律与学生个体自由并不是非此即彼的对立关系,二者在对立之中有统一。学生自由应该在学校纪律之中得以实现。行政性纪律虽然能提高学校的运作效率,但是阻碍学生个体自由的实现。行政性纪律的泛滥不仅缩减消极自由,更会导致学生积极自由的堕落,使个体沦为纪律的“奴隶”。学生个体自由是道德性纪律的应有之义。自由只有在道德性纪律之中才能被学生充分拥有。     

Empirical Research on Pragmalinguistic Failures from the Perspective of Negative Transfer

In recent years, the phenomenon of language transfer has drawn great attention, especially the negative transfer from nativelanguage. Negative transfer is the focal issue among linguists in the scope of inter-culture communication and second language acquisition.This thesis aims to find solutions to reduce the pragmalinguistic failures that occur in the process of Tibetan students' third language acquisition.