诠释学中的诠释限度问题

诠释学在西方哲学中的历史可谓是源远流长,在经历了圣经注释学、罗马法解释理论、一般文学批评理论以及人文科学普遍方法论(依据洪汉鼎先生的划分)之后,二十世纪六十年代又经伽达默尔将其从方法论的维度提升到了本体论的维度,建构了哲学诠释学。在这漫长的发展过程中,无论是方法论角度还是本体论角度,始终摆脱不了一个重要的问题,就是在理解的过程中,如何能把握好理解的限度问题,在怎样的范围内才能正确的把握文本或者说是历史流传物的意义。方法论的诠释学和本体论的诠释学总是很容易的就滑进了相对主义的泥潭中。文章试图通过对各种类型的诠释学在诠释限度问题上所做努力的概述,探索解决这一问题的有效途径。     

论凌家滩文化与东夷文化的关系

凌家滩文化的主体源于东夷部族的大汶口文化,凌家滩文化中的太阳崇拜、鸟崇拜是东夷文化中最为突出和根深蒂固的文化现象;凌家滩人的龟灵崇拜是对大汶口文化中龟灵崇拜的继承与发展;凌家滩遗址中某些器物直接脱胎于大汶口文化。凌家滩文化在形成过程中,以大汶口文化为主体,吸纳皖中地区古老的土著文化,同时融合了周边的史前文化,从而形成了独具特色的文化类型。从凌家滩文化来看,至迟在新石器时代中晚期东夷族群便已较大规模地迁徙,其中南移至凌家滩的一支成为皖中地区东夷的主要族群。     

内战后至20世纪初美国主流政治思想的变迁

美国内战结束后至19世纪末,自由放任思想成为政治思想主流。在这种思想指导下,美国经济走向辉煌,但也带来了一系列严重的社会经济问题,威胁到了资产阶级的统治。自由放任思想受到了严峻的挑战,新的国家干预思想应运而生,并在19末20世纪初取代自由放任思想成为美国政治思想主流,从而为政府干预社会经济和20世纪初美国社会的全面变革奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

爱国商人郑观应及其教育思想

在中国近代思想家中,郑观应有着独特的商业资本家身份。他在《盛世危言》中提出从政治、经济、教育等诸方面对中国社会进行改造的方案对洋务运动和维新运动产生过深刻的影响。其教育思想百年之后仍然具有现实指导意义。     

盛世武侠：大陆新武侠发展转型的第二阶段

大陆新武侠小说自2001年兴起以来,经历了衔接、调整的第一阶段之后,到今天开始进入第二阶段,这就是“盛世武侠”。盛世武侠是不同于港台新武侠的大陆新武侠自身面目的展现,其文化特征和价值指向主要有三个方面：一是盛世的包容性与盛世的宏大气魄;二是盛世的发达性与盛世的灿烂文明;三是盛世的昂扬性与盛世的中国英雄。     

皖江地区新石器时代"仪式用具"简论

皖江地区早在新石器时代文化遗存就非常丰富,遗址数量多,出土了大量玉器、石器、陶器,其中包括许多精美的＂仪式用具＂。仪式用品的出土可以反映出皖江地区新石器时期原始社会的经济形态、贫富分化以及原始宗教礼制盛行等方面的信息。     

论《呼啸山庄》的最初滑铁卢

作为英国文学中的经典名著,《呼啸山庄》长期以来受到读者和评论家的青睐和追捧。可令人惊异的是,刚出版时它却遭到了评论界的漠视和指责。本文结合维多利亚时期英国小说批评的主要准则,分析《呼》与这些准则的不符之处,揭示出其最初滑铁卢的深层原因。     

The relationship between torque and joint angle during knee extension in boys and men

The length-tension relationship of muscle contraction is well documented in adults. However, research on this relationship in children has been limited. The aim of this study was to compare differences in the torque-joint angle relationship of the quadriceps muscle in children and adults. Eight boys aged 8-10 years and eight men aged 20-26 years performed two maximal voluntary isometric contractions at six knee joint angles (20°, 40°, 60°, 80°, 90°, 100°). The mean of the two trials was used as the performance measure. Both groups demonstrated an expected increase in relative torque as the joint angle increased (P ? 0.05). The men produced significantly greater relative torque at 20°, 40° and 60° knee flexion (P ? 0.05). The percentage of maximal torque at these angles for the men and boys respectively were: 35.2 - 4.3 vs 15.2 - 12%, 63.6 - 9.1 vs 51.8 - 16.8% and 93.6 - 6.5 vs 84.4 - 14.4%. There were no group differences at 80° or 90°. Peak torque was attained at 80° in men, but decreased significantly (P ? 0.05) at 90° and 100°. For boys, peak torque was attained at joint angles of 80° and 90°. The reduction in peak torque at 100° was not statistically significant, but the relative torque at this angle was lower in men than in boys (77.9 - 13.7 vs 87.1 - 10.4%; P ? 0.05). In conclusion, the relationship between torque and joint angle appears to be affected by age.     

Differences in body composition and risk of lifestyle-related diseases between young and older male rowers and sedentary controls

Abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare body composition and risk factors of lifestyle-related diseases between young and older male rowers and sedentary controls. Healthy males aged 19–73 years participated in the study, and were divided into four groups: 26 young rowers, 24 senior rowers, 23 young sedentary controls, and 22 senior sedentary controls. Total and regional lean soft tissue, fat mass, and bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The HDL-cholesterol of senior rowers (67.4 ± 13.4 mg · dl^?1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of senior sedentary controls (59.2 ± 11.9 mg · dl^?1), while HDL-cholesterol was similar in senior rowers and young rowers (66.1 ± 10.8 mg · dl^?1). Arm, leg, and trunk lean soft tissue mass were significantly higher in senior rowers (5.6 ± 0.6 kg, 18.2 ± 1.8 kg, and 27.3 ± 3.2 kg respectively) than in senior sedentary controls (5.1 ± 0.4 kg, 16.3 ± 1.4 kg, and 24.6 ± 1.7 kg respectively; P < 0.05). Bone mineral density was also significantly higher in senior rowers than in senior sedentary controls (ribs, lumbar spine, and pelvic segments; P < 0.05). We conclude that age-related increases in the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, are attenuated in male rowers. These results suggest that regular rowing exercise may have a positive influence in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases in older Japanese people.     

The (Re)Emergence of a Religio-Spiritual Self-Cultivation Focus in Asian Martial Arts Monographs Published in Spain (1906–2009)

This article presents one analytical theme emerging from a bibliometric and content analysis of an annotated bibliography, compiled by the first author, comprising 1564 Asian martial arts monographs published in Spain between 1906 and 2009. The analysis reveals that the use of Asian martial arts and religio-spiritual self-cultivation practices, while very old in their indigenous South East Asian context, only appeared in published texts in Spain from the 1960s and this theme has been increasingly written about in the last two decades. In our analytical discussion, we contextualise this shift from a socio-historical perspective, focusing on three aspects: first and second, how this shift in focus in Asian Martial Art publishing fits with the patterns of societal secularisation in Spain, the rise of the New Age movement and counter-cultural spiritualities across Western culture; third, we comment on how, from this broader socio-historical context, Asian martial arts were well placed to fill ‘cultural spaces’ created by these changes.