鲁滨孙《新史学》探析

《新史学》是美国历史学家鲁滨孙的代表作,虽为历年论文和演说的汇编,却集中反映了新史学观的逻辑思路,其中不乏闪光之处：第一,敏于感受时代变化的挑战,持发展的史学观;第二,善于从其他学科中接受启迪,促进史学地新,第三,重视史学与现实的联系,强调发挥史学的社会功用。但也存在一些明显的缺陷：第一,只承认量变,而否认质变,陷入庸俗进化论的泥潭,第二,否认史学的科学性。     

“东亚地区交流的历史变迁与发展状况”国际学术研讨会综述

1923年2月,周恩来以"飞飞"的笔名,在中共旅欧支部创办的刊物《少年》发表了《评胡适的"努力"》一文,批评热衷于政治改良的胡适所鼓吹的"好政府主义"。周恩来在文中以"革命救国"论批评胡适对军阀统治的"迷信",抨击胡对帝国主义列强抱有的幻想。其时,五四新文化运动的高潮已过,胡适已经和周恩来等马克思主义者在政治上、思想上分道扬镳。从周恩来这则评论看出,五四新文化思潮发生的这种分化是不可避免的。从中分化出的革命救国论者与社会改良论者在政见上既"异中有同",又"同中有异",而最终则他们之"异"大于他们之"同"。     

加强高职新生英语教学衔接的思考

通过对高职新生英语学习过渡与衔接情况的研究,分析了高中和高职两个阶段的英语教学在教学目标、教学内容和教学模式上的差异。推进高职英语教学的自然过渡,合理地解决高职新生英语教学衔接问题,培养学生的学习策略,这对于帮助学生适应高职英语学习、提高语言交际能力有着重要的意义。     

Reimaging Public Libraries as Learning Communities: What Library Stories Can Tell Us

This article describes a study conducted in York County, Pennsylvania, on its countywide library system framed within the context of the statewide “Reimaging Libraries” Get Storied initiative, developed and marketed by organizational story consultant, Michael Margolis. Understood as an essential aspect of culture re-imaging and change, narratives were collected from library personnel by undergraduate students at Pennsylvania State University-York as part of a service-learning initiative (directed by the first author). Working closely with the library district consultant (second author), we assess the success of the initiative and make some recommendations for culture reimaging through the practice of storytelling.     

数字环境下城乡青年健康信息搜寻行为研究

[目的/意义] 从信息行为视角阐释城乡青年在健康信息领域的表征与原由,为相关管理部门制定政策与措施、医疗与网站等健康服务教育机构提升健康信息服务提供参考。[方法/过程] 采用半结构化访谈收集24位20-29岁河南省城乡青年的健康信息搜寻行为数据,考察数字环境下城乡青年健康信息需求动机、信息搜寻行为特点及异同,借助Nvivo对数据进行整理、编码和内容分析。从网络获取方式、手机与电脑使用体验差异、健康信息需求类别、搜寻途径、检索方式及平台选择等方面对城乡青年健康信息搜寻行为的共性与差异予以分析。[结果/结论] 与农村青年相比,城市青年健康信息需求范围更广泛、检索策略与平台选择多样化。论文提出城乡青年间“数字鸿沟”的存在可能引发“健康信息鸿沟”的风险,根源在于收入水平、受教育程度、信息技术使用能力等因素直接影响数字环境下网络接入、使用及信息化水平。     

发展性语文教学评价探析

发展性语文教学具有评价功能的发展性、评价内容的综合性、评价主体的多元性和评价方式的灵活性等特点.实施发展性语文教学评价应该定性评价与定量评价并举,更重视定性评价;终结性评价与形成性评价并重,更强调形成性评价;常模参照评价与个体内差异评价相结合,更注意强化个体内差异评价.     

苏区少年先锋队述略

土地革命时期的少年先锋队是一个革命青年的半武装组织。在中国共产党、共青团和苏维埃政府的关心下,少年先锋队领导苏区青年为争取自身阶级利益,保卫苏维埃政权,努力学习知识,并积极投身于革命运动中。他们参与阶级斗争,帮助政府实现各项政治经济政策;开展拥军优属活动,帮助工农群众进行生产建设;训练和培养了大批红军后备力量,帮助红军、赤卫军、游击队保卫苏区政府和人民的安全,并为前线输送了大量优秀战士。在近代中国青年运动史上,少年先锋队组织有着不可磨灭的伟大贡献。     

Inter-participant variability in daily physical activity and sedentary time among male youth sport footballers: independent associations with indicators of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness

Participation in youth sport is assumed to promote and contribute towards more physically active lifestyles among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine inter-participant variability in objectively measured habitual physical activity (PA) behaviours and sedentary time among youth sport participants and their implications for health. One-hundred-and-eighteen male youth sport footballers (Mean ± s = 11.72 ± 1.60) wore a GT3X accelerometer for 7 days. Average daily PA [min · day^?1, in light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA) and combined moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA)] and sedentary time were calculated. Participants’ body mass index adjusted for age and sex (BMI–standard deviation score), per cent body fat (BF%), waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. Results revealed that variability in daily PA behaviours and sedentary time (min · day^?1) was associated with BMI–standard deviation score [VPA (?), MVPA (?)], BF% [sedentary time (+), VPA (?), MVPA (?)], waist circumference [sedentary time (+), LPA (?)] and cardiorespiratory fitness [sedentary time (?), MPA (+), VPA (+), MVPA (+)]. Whilst sedentary time and MVPA were not related to health outcomes independent of one another, associations with markers of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness were stronger for sedentary time. Sedentary time was also significantly positively related to waist circumference independent of VPA. Results demonstrate inter-participant variability in habitual PA and sedentary time among youth sport participants which holds implications for their health. Thus, promoting PA and, in particular, reducing sedentary time may contribute towards the prevention of adverse health consequences associated with a physically inactive lifestyle for children and adolescents active in the youth sport context.     

Positional group significantly influences the offensive and defensive skill involvements of junior representative rugby league players during match play

This study examined the skill involvements of three positional groups across a junior representative rugby league season. Data were collected from 45 rugby league players (mean ± SD; age = 16.5 ± 1.0 years) currently participating in the Harold Matthews and SG Ball Cup. Players were subdivided into hit-up forwards, adjustables and outside backs. The frequency (n · min^?1) of offensive, defensive and overall involvements was coded for each group using a notation system and a practical coach skill analysis tool. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant effect of playing position on skill involvements (F = 9.06; P < 0.001; ES = 0.41). Hit-up forwards performed a significantly greater frequency of offensive (0.31 ± 0.10), defensive (0.42 ± 0.15) and overall involvements (0.74 ± 0.19) when compared to adjustables (0.20 ± 0.08, 0.28 ± 0.08 and 0.52 ± 0.15, respectively) and outside backs (0.20 ± 0.12, 0.11 ± 0.07 and ± 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). Further, adjustables performed a significantly greater number of defensive (0.28 ± 0.08) and overall involvements (0.52 ± 0.15) when compared to outside backs (0.11 ± 0.07 and 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that it is important to consider a junior player’s positional group when analysing their skill involvements. Information gained from this study could assist in the design of specific training methodologies for junior rugby league players in high-level talent development programmes.     

Coordination pattern of baseball pitching among young pitchers of various ages and velocity levels

This study compared the whole-body movement coordination of pitching among 72 baseball players of various ages and velocity levels. Participants were classified as senior, junior, and little according to their age, with each group comprising 24 players. The velocity levels of the high-velocity (the top eight) and low-velocity (the lowest eight) groups were classified according to their pitching velocity. During pitching, the coordinates of 15 markers attached to the major joints of the whole-body movement system were collected for analysis. Sixteen kinematic parameters were calculated to compare the groups and velocity levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to quantify the coordination pattern of pitching movement. The results were as follows: (1) five position and two velocity parameters significantly differed among the age groups, and two position and one velocity parameters significantly differed between the high- and low-velocity groups. (2) The coordination patterns of pitching movement could be described using three components, of which the eigenvalues and contents varied according to age and velocity level. In conclusion, the senior and junior players showed greater elbow angular velocity, whereas the little players exhibited a wider shoulder angle only at the beginning of pitching. The players with high velocity exhibited higher trunk and shoulder rotation velocity. The variations among groups found using PCA and kinematics parameter analyses were consistent.