运动与自由基

本文采用文献综述法,阐述了自由基的类型、功能、自由基产生的机制以及抗氧化系统的种类等基本理论,特别随着自由基理论在竞技体育运动领域的运用,在运动过程中,不同形式的运动对体内自由基代谢及抗氧化酶活性的影响,成为运动医学关注的热点。通过4种不同形式的运动(急性运动、耐力运动、力竭运动和无氧运动)对自由基代谢及抗氧化酶活性的研究现状进行分析得出结论,并提出目前自由基研究中存在的不足。     

运动对抗氧化酶活性影响的研究进展

剧烈运动时自由基的大量生成与清除能力下降是导致运动性疲劳和运动性损伤的主要原因之一。抗氧化酶在保护机体免受自由基损伤中发挥着重要的作用。运动训练能增加抗氧化酶的活性，提高机体清除自由基的能力。不同抗氧化酶对不同运动训练的反应不同。本文通过文献查阅的方法，对国内外学者近年来关于运动训练对抗氧化酶影响的研究进行综述，为该领域的研究提供一定的理论指导。     

足反射区按摩促进大强度有氧耐力运动疲劳消除的实验研究

为研究足反射区按摩对有氧耐力运动后自由基的影响,揭示足反射区按摩促进运动性疲劳恢复的机制.采用自身对照的研究方法,受试者进行一次大强度有氧耐力运动,分别测定运动前、运动后即刻、足反射区按摩或自然恢复后即刻、以及按摩或自然恢复后24h血清中MDA的含量和SOD的活性.结果发现:1)试验强度运动1h,试验者体内自由基的浓度大量增加,清除自由基的抗氧化酶(SOD)的活性也有显著性增高,自由基的生成和清除的动态平衡遭到破坏.2)运动后适时进行足反射区按摩,可以减少自由基的生成,加快运动性疲劳的恢复.     

运动训练对抗氧化能力的影响与预防AD的关系

运动训练能够增强动物脑内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,从而增强机体的抗氧化能力和清除自由基能力,同时降低丙二醛(MDA)在动物脑内的含量,并且使动物的学习记忆能力得到一定的改善,预防阿尔茨海默病。综述国内外有关运动训练、自由基与学习记忆的研究报道,分析并推测运动可能通过提高机体脑内抗氧化能力以增强机体对自由基的清除能力,从而改善机体的学习记忆能力,预防阿尔茨海默病。     

运动、线粒体及细胞凋亡

细胞凋亡是机体正常的生理机能,是多细胞生物正常更新和清除异常细胞的重要手段。线粒体是真核细胞内重要的细胞器,它不仅是细胞内ATP的生成中心,而且在细胞凋亡中,线粒体起着中心调控作用。有氧运动能够降低机体自由基的产生,生物体内存在的各种自由基能够通过多种途径介导细胞凋亡。运动、线粒体、细胞凋亡关系密切。本文综述了近年有关运动、线粒体与细胞凋亡及其关系的研究进展。     

力竭性游泳对大鼠红细胞膜脂质流动性及膜脂质过氧化的影响

为了探讨力竭运动对红细胞膜结构和功能的影响及其可能机制 ,观察了大鼠游泳至力竭后红细胞膜脂流动性的变化及自由基对红细胞膜的影响。结果 :力竭性游泳引起内源性自由基增加 ,造成富含不饱和脂肪酸的红细胞膜脂质过氧化增强 ,进而导致红细胞膜脂流动性下降 ,红细胞变形性下降。而此变化的短期效应被认为是运动性疲劳产生的原因之一 ,长期效应则与运动性贫血导致的运动能力下降有关     

黔西北彝文部首系统的整理与研究

黔西北彝文也是表意文字,和汉字一样,也有象形、指事、会意、形声造字法和转注、假借的用字规律。但其文字字形复杂,独体字多,合体字少,又没有固定表示“义类”的偏旁,确定彝文部首,不能按汉字学的理论,要遵循彝文造字的规律来遴选和甄别。整理彝文部首系统,是一项重要的基础性工作,对于编纂彝文子书、实施彝文信息化具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

Oxidative stress in elite athletes training at moderate altitude and at sea level

Using a controlled parallel group longitudinal trial design, we investigated the effects of different training interventions on the prooxidant/antioxidant status of elite athletes: living and training at moderate altitude for 3 (Hi-Hi3) and 4 weeks (Hi-Hi), and for 4 weeks too, living high and training high and low (Hi-HiLo) and living and training at sea level (Lo-Lo). From 61 swimmers, 54 completed the study. Nitrites, carbonyls, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed in plasma. Enzymatic antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd), and non-enzymatic antioxidants total glutathione (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were analysed in the erythrocyte fraction. At the end of the intervention, nitrites levels were similar in all altitude groups but higher than in the Lo-Lo controls (P?=?.02). Hi-HiLo had greater GPx activity than Hi-Hi and Hi-Hi3 during most of the intervention (P?≤?.001). GRd activity was higher in Lo-Lo than in Hi-Hi at the end of the training camp (P?≤?.001). All groups showed increased levels of LPO, except Lo-Lo, and carbonyls at the end of the study (P?≤?.001). Training at altitude for 3 or 4 weeks drives oxidative stress leading to cellular damage mainly by worsening the antioxidant capacities. The GSSG/GSH ratio appears to be related to perceived exertion and fatigue. The stronger antioxidant defence showed by the Hi-HiLo group suggests an inverse relationship between redox alterations and performance. Further studies are required to investigate the role of oxidative stress in acclimatization, performance, and health.     

电生成Fenton试剂对偶氮苯染料废水的降解研究

用化学方法测定了偶氮苯最初的COD值,通过对电生成Fenton试剂对偶氮苯染料废水降解的动力学分析表明,偶氮苯的降解反应近似遵循一级反应动力学特征．在电生成Fenton试剂的过程中,有机物的去除率超过80％,有效降低了染料废水的浓度、色度和COD值．     

Effect of herbal hypoglycemic agents on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in diabetic rats

In the present study the antioxidative potential ofMomordica charantia, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum andOcimum sanctum was assessed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were also measured in normal, diabetic and treated animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher and antioxidant activity was found low in diabetic groups as compared to the control groups, and significant alteration in both the MDA levels and antioxidant activity was also observed when the above herbal hypoglycemic agents were given to diabetic rats. On the basis of our results we conclude thatM. charantia, A. indica, A. sativum andO. sanctum are not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential.