‘You do it in your own particular way.’ Physical education,gender and (dis)ability

The aim of this article was to explore, from a gender perspective, how young sporting women with physical impairments experience physical education (PE), and which strategies they use to manage situations that arise in the everyday interaction in connection with those lessons. Phenomenology provides a theoretical framework that includes the body. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with the women, aged 15–28. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with three boys, aged between 10 and 15, and with one male coach. Those latter interviews are used in the article as material for comparison. The young women had a strong aspiration to appear normal. However, in relation to PE, the participants highlighted issues dealing with experiences of exclusion and special treatment. It appeared to be difficult for teachers to see these women as the sports-interested youths that they were. The young women used different strategies of resistance. Some of them did not participate in certain aspects of PE, or chose to quit the whole course. To receive a higher grade, another participant showed the teacher her medals from the Swedish national swimming championship, thus stressing her competence. When the women finally described the stigmatization that they had been subjected to, they avoided positioning themselves as victims, by downplaying the seriousness of a discriminatory situation or by using in the interview the word ‘we’ instead of ‘I’, thus describing the incident in collective terms. Previous research supports the suggestion that the students’ opportunities to show their capacities and strength during PE are dependent on the students’ gender. While one of the boys and a male coach gave examples of experiences of more inclusive PE, with a potential to challenge the able-bodied norm within the subject, the gender norm remained unquestioned.     

巴耶-拉图尔与1936年奥运会

巴耶-拉图尔与柏林奥运会结下了不解之缘。一方面,巴耶一拉图尔对“纳粹奥运会”的按时举办起了至关重要的作用。巴耶-拉图尔充分利用他在国际体育界的地位和影响,亲自赤膊上阵为柏林奥运会摇旗呐喊,与抵制运动进行激烈搏斗,从而促成了柏林奥运会的按时举办。另一方面,柏林奥运会给巴耶-拉图尔留下了瑕疵。由于他促成了这场奥运会,起了美化纳粹德国的作用,这不仅受到了人们的广泛批评,也为他留下了终生的遗憾。     

结构在结构之外——句段关系和联想关系与叙事文本结构的开放性

索绪尔语言学中,句段关系和联想关系保证了一串语音链或语符列(通常所说的句子),同时在横向和纵向上构造出一个立体、动态和开放的结构体系,它是句子得以被理解的基础.文本和句子是同构的,这一结构体系同样是文本得以被理解的基础.具有不同"视阈"的创作主体和阅读主体的创作和阅读活动促成了文本结构的开放性.     

按规则同指的关联主义语义解释

自然语言中存在着一类特殊的同指事实——按规则同指,语言胜任主体仅凭语言能力就可以知道这类事实。基于语义要求概念,关联主义语义学为这类事实提供了语义解释策略。该策略的成功依赖于语义必然性论证的成立,这一论证以语义要求为中项勾连起语言理解和语义知识,已有的反驳针对该论证的两个前提之一。然而,该策略真正的问题在于,语义必然性论证并不能建立起语义要求作为解释项的唯一性,语义要求的唯一性只建立在它的特设性上。     

永恒的老调重弹——萨德《贞洁的厄运》叙事分析

《贞洁的厄运》中鞠斯汀娜的一次次遭际被一成不变的叙事方式处理,萨德就这样一而再、再而三地玩味着重复的情节内容。萨德笔下所有的形象,以及萨德的叙事都被封闭在镜廊式的空间中。小说是萨德的白日梦。     

汉语法律文件中“的”字结构的英译

法律文件语言以严谨、准确、正规、鲜明著称,有其自身的特点和语言结构。“的”字结构是法律文件中一种常见的句式,要译好这一特有的结构就要掌握其翻译方法和技巧。分析我国权威法律法规中的中英文对照条款,可进一步探讨这一特有结构的翻译技巧。     

也谈堂·克罗德的恶与善

堂·克罗德是雨果浪漫主义代表作《巴黎圣母院》中的主要人物 ,长期以来他被看作是丑恶心灵的代表。实际上 ,这种看法未能全面、准确地把握这个人物的灵魂特征。小说原作中大量的情节表明 ,堂·克罗德内心的善与恶是并存的 ,因此对这个人物的心理特征不能简单定性。     

汉语带“的”字关系结构限制性研究

一般关系从句的限制性主要由对比重音决定,光杆“的”关系结构的确定性则主要由时态决定。     

"形名"组合与"形的名"组合

形名结构有“形名”和“形的名”两种形式,“形名”组合是恒定组合,所以“形名”组合常常是性质形容词与类名的组合;“形名”组合是连续组合,名词表示的事物是“无界”的。“形的名”组合是临时组合,所以“形的名”组合往往是状态形容词与个体名的组合;“形的名”组合是离散组合,名词表示的事物是“有界”的。     

浅论《巴黎圣母院》的电影改编

电影被称为第七艺术.是继文学、戏剧、音乐、绘画、雕塑、建筑之后的又一门新兴的独特艺术.它与其它前辈艺术有着密不可分的继承、借鉴关系,尤其与文学中的小说有着不了的情缘.<巴黎圣母院>是雏克多·雨果的力作,试图通过它的两个电影改编版本之间比较,来探讨经典改编的是与非及电影改编的忠实与否问题.