Reforming education in post-partition Northern Ireland: state control and churches’ interference

ABSTRACT

After the partition of Ireland, the newly established parliament in Belfast was given control over education. The unionist government, mainly representing the majoritarian Protestant population, embarked on a reform of the pre-existing denominational education system and tried to persuade all the churches to transfer their schools to state control in exchange for public funding. Despite the sincere efforts of the first Minister of Education, the Catholic Church rejected interference in education from a government that its followers perceived as hostile, while the Protestant churches became increasingly intransigent in their demands for more control over state schools. In order to ensure their support, the government met their requests, ignoring the instances of teachers and principals who called for independence from clerical managers. The result was a segregated education system that contributed to maintain the deep divisions of the Northern Irish society.     

范文澜的南北朝文化研究

南北朝化研究是范澜治学的重要组成部分。具体地讲，它是由20世纪二三十年代的《心雕龙》研究、40年代通史背景下的南朝化研究、五六十年代通史背景下的南北朝化研究等三个阶段构成，范澜就南北朝化的历史地位问题提出了完整而科学的认识，至今仍然具有指导性和启发性。     

试析湖北新军辛亥首义的外部条件--兼与北洋新军比较

文章探讨的问题是除了革命党人的打入和策反外，促成湖北新军辛亥首义的其他外部条件是．晚清政局的变化及相关之财政状况、波澜壮阔的革命风暴与报界的宣传、党人的革命策略及宝善里事件的影响。     

北魏文学与佛教文化的关系及其对隋唐文学的影响

随着拓拔氏集团汉化程度的进一步加深，北魏化呈现出质朴刚健、苍凉慷慨的特点，展现出佛教化影响的深刻痕迹，同时，它又对隋唐学起到了规制的作用。     

陕北能源开发对环境生态及经济可持续发展的影响

研究和分析了陕北能源与重化工基地的资源状况、能源优势和开发潜力;探讨了陕北能源开发所引发的如水土流失、土地沙化、水资源短缺、耕地缺失、环境污染以及资源的浪费和破坏等环境问题;提出了促进陕北能源开发与生态环境保护和经济可持续发展的具体应对策略.即处理好开发与保护的各种关系,树立科学发展观,坚持以人为本,和谐发展的方针,创建人与自然、人与社会的和谐发展格局,有效控制开发过程中的环境代价问题.     

A content analysis of school anti-bullying policies in Northern Ireland

This original study presents a content analysis of 100 primary and post-primary school anti-bullying policies in Northern Ireland using a 36-item scoring scheme. Overall schools had 52% of the items in their policies. Most schools included reference to physical, verbal, relational, material and cyberbullying but a minority mentioned racist, homophobic, sexual, adult/teacher–pupil bullying or bullying related to disability or religion. There was considerable variation in the source and quality of the definitions of bullying. Overall the policy scores compared favourably with earlier studies carried out in England, however a low percentage of Northern Ireland policies gave detailed information about how incidents of bullying would be recorded, who would coordinate this, and how the data would be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy. Findings are discussed in relation to the proposed new anti-bullying legislation currently being brought before the Northern Ireland Assembly.     

论北魏女性出家为尼现象

北魏出家为尼的女性,社会上层占有很大比例.女性出家为尼既有统治者崇信佛教的倡导和影响,也有政治环境的因素,而人生的失意和贫穷人家女性为了逃避赋税徭役的剥削而出家者也占有一定的比例.女性出家为尼使社会劳动力迅速减少,引起了社会价值观念的变化乃至追求来生的思维定势.     

北宋宫廷"赏花钓鱼宴"及其文学、政治意义

赏花钓鱼宴是北宋一项极具特色的宫廷礼仪制度,它由多种形式的宫廷礼仪、娱乐活动组合而成,是北宋君臣在太平之世“以天下之乐为乐”心理的反映,同时也是优遇臣僚(尤其是文臣)的具体表现。它通过赏花、钓鱼、宴饮、赋诗等一系列活动,拉近君臣距离,促进君臣交流,因而具有重要的政治意义。     

北魏平城时期佛教复兴原因初探

北魏平城时期佛教的复兴与北魏士大夫居士关系极为密切，在宗教信仰上他们与帝王找到了一个新的结合点，形成以皇室为中心，以士大夫为群体的居士团体；他们是平城时期佛教复兴的赞助人，幕后人。     

从《说文》与《广韵》语词训诂看东汉至北宋的语言发展

对《说文解字》与《宋本广韵》语词训诂的对比研究，可揭示出东汉至北宋语言发展的若干特点。词汇方面，总结出词汇发展中双音词形成的规律；语法方面，揭示出语言发展中语言表达逐渐趋于缜密，鲜明，生动的态势。