Elite Interaction

While a good deal of research has examined the uses of Twitter in journalism, comparably few research projects employ comparative research designs in order to provide new insights. The present study details Twitter use by public service broadcasters (PSBs) during recent national elections in Norway and Sweden. Utilizing quantitative analysis of social media content in tandem with qualitative interviews with key PSB journalists, the main results indicate that while the PSB organizations—the Norwegian NRK and the Swedish SVT—are both frequently contacted by “regular” citizens on Twitter, they seem to prefer to retweet and interact with journalists, politicians or other “elite” users. Compared with the interviews performed, the study uncovers an interesting tension as journalists often talk about the need to engage with “regular” users—a practice that is arguably in line with PSB regulations, but that is seldom adhered to in the contexts studied here.     

Writing histories for late-medieval objects: The engagement of conservation with theoretical perspectives on material culture

The current discipline of conservation lacks a satisfactory theoretical and methodological framework to guide historical writing beyond scientific methods. To address this gap, this paper evaluates disciplinary shortcomings and proposes a solution for a project based in Oslo that takes advantage of disciplinary strengths. The solution involves the adaptation of a robust critical approach that is closely aligned with post-processualism in archaeology, which notably engages with theoretical perspectives on material culture. The framework offers guidance for arguments developed around physical transformations of late-medieval liturgical objects and the circumstances (physical, environmental, and socio-political) that continually define and re-define their meanings. The themes chosen for the project set this research at the cross-roads between conservation and material culture studies, with investigations directed towards tangible and intangible transformations, or phases in the ‘lives’ of objects that pre-date the Reformation but are now held in museums.     

退耕还林财政补贴政策的经济学透视

文章认为：国家通过优惠政策和财政补贴措施有效地调动了农民参与退耕还林的积极性，但要科学地确定退耕还林的规模和速度，理性地制定各地区财政补贴的分类标准，对于退耕还林特别是还生态林要保持财政补贴的长期性．     

Labour perspectives on the new politics of skill and competency formation: International reflections

Skill/competency approaches to workplace-based policy seek to assess and train for discrete individual competencies with the goal of increasing employability and productivity. These approaches have become increasingly prominent across a range of advanced capitalist countries. A substantial critique has emerged over this same period regarding issues of instrumentality and social control, as well as the failure of skill/compentancy approaches to articulate a meaningful understanding of human learning capacities. In this article, these critical perspectives are clarified further by a review of contributions to understanding the skill/competence question emerging from sociology of work literature. Building from these critiques, this article outlines recent experiences with and perspectives on skill/competency frameworks amongst different national labour movements. Included in this outline is a more detailed, comparative analysis of Norway and Canada; here we see the lofty ‘new’, ‘knowledge economy’ rhetoric — in two countries where one might expect to see it blossom in application — brought down to earth by the realities of industrial relations, employer intransigence and intra-labour movement differences. ‘Skill/competence’ proves to be a floating signifier that, amongst both employers and labour, stands as a proxy for ‘power/control’ struggles. Degenerating in this way, from a labour perspective, the new politics of skill/competency formation is seen to have spiraled toward irrelevance in Norway and Canada; awaiting, in both countries, a re-invigoration through attention to changes in the participatory structure of the labour process itself.     

Does engagement in Forest School influence perceptions of risk,held by children,their parents,and their school staff?

In a climate where, it is claimed, children now spend very little time out of doors because adults fear for their safety and impose a ‘zero risk childhood’ on them, Forest School aims to offer learners the opportunity to take ‘supported risks’. This study investigated perceptions of risk associated with the outdoors, held by children, their parents and practitioners, and whether accessing Forest School impacts on these perceptions of risk. Practitioners were generally either strongly risk-averse or strongly permissive; Forest School influenced them to be less risk-averse in some respects. Parents held ambiguous perceptions, wanting to keep their children very safe but also to help them develop strong and confident attitudes to risk. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Norwegian secondary school teachers and ICT

ICT is meant to be integrated in all subjects in Norwegian schools; nevertheless many teachers are reluctant to use ICT in their own teaching. This paper explores to what extent teachers use ICT in their classroom teaching and what teacher‐level factors influence the use of ICT. It draws on an analysis of 10 focus‐group interviews with 10 teachers and a quantitative study of 59 teachers in three lower secondary schools in Hamar, Norway. The teachers showed commitment to ICT; however, may did not see the educational value, except for increased access to learning material and to stimulate learner motivation. Teachers also expressed lack of ICT confidence even though they have been taking part in ICT courses. A main finding is that to integrate ICT in one’s own teaching is a difficult and gradual process and teachers must be given time to find their own way to merge ICT with their own teaching style.     

挪威民间精灵故事概观

挪威民间故事中的精灵故事非常多,其中对精灵的描写很有特色。精灵和人类婚配故事,反映了男权社会的特征。故事中的土地神,和我国民间信仰中的土地神,有不少相似之处。     

旅游扩大化对生态环境的负面影响——以张家界国家森林公园为例

随着旅游业的蓬勃发展,超旅游环境负荷量的旅游接待给旅游地区带来了系列的生态环境问题,主要是水体污染、土壤板结、空气严重污染,生态多样性的破坏及动植物种群和数量的减少。旅游开发的种种迹象表明旅游干预了人类的正常生活,由此而引发一系列的生态安全问题。为了使人类与生态环境和谐统一,实现区域经济可持续性发展,以张家界旅游开发,导致该区域生态环境恶化作为案例,并提出相应的文化策略分析。     

林火扑救指挥系统空间数据库构建

在通过对林火扑救需求分析的基础上,对空间数据库进行合理的设计,将空间数据和专题数据有机地组织和管理起来,应用UML方法设计得出空间数据库对象模型图,基于Geodatabase数据模型,使用CASE工具生成林火扑救指挥系统数据库,有效地提高了数据库的可用性,为林火扑救系统的应用奠定基础。     

韭山国家森林公园观赏植物资源及其保护与发展对策

本文从生活型、用途及景观配置等方面介绍了安徽省韭山国家森林公园的观赏植物资源概况,提出了实施林相改造、促进森林演替、创造局部森林景观、丰富园林绿化植物等保护和开发利用观赏植物资源的建议。