从认知的角度看英语学习中的汉语负迁移

研究外语教学或外语学习时，不能只注重外语的特点，还应考虑到汉语（母语）的负迁移，我们不赞成那种希望完全脱离母语而直接“用外语思维”的主张。正确的态度应该是：承认母语负迁移的客观存在，了解母语负迁移的基本机制及产生条件，运用认知科学及对比语言理论对学生进行指导与帮助。     

Alphabetic access route in beginning reading acquisition in Portuguese: The role of letter-name knowledge

The present study investigates Ehri's (Ehri & Wilce 1985; Scott & Ehri 1990) hypothesis that knowledge of the alphabet enables children to learn to read by processing and storing letter-sound relations in words. In particular, it examines whether letter-name knowledge facilitates the learning of spellings in which the names of one or more letters can be heard in the pronunciation of the words. Preschool children who could not read any word out of context were divided into two groups on the basis of their ability to name the letters of the alphabet: one group knew the names of the letters while the other did not. Both groups were taught to read two types of simplified spellings: visual spellings, that is, spellings whose letters did not correspond to sounds in the pronunciations of the words but which were visually more salient (e.g., X_QKO for the word cerveja), and phonetic spellings, that is, spellings whose letters corresponded to sounds in the pronunciation of the words (e.g., CRVA for the word cerveja). In all phonetic spellings, the name of at least one letter could be clearly heard in the pronunciation of the words. Results corroborated Ehri's hypothesis. The children who did not know the names of the letters learned to read the visual spellings more easily than the phonetic ones. On the other hand, the children who knew the names of the letters showed the opposite pattern, that is, they learned the phonetic spellings more easily than the visual ones.     

Language Acquisition and Language Learning

Language is at the center of human life. This essay tries to seek similarities and differences between language acquisition and language learning from the theory achievements of some linguists. On this basis, it is pointed out that language acquisition is the effect of sub consciousness, while language learning is connected with conscious system. Thereby this paper analyzes the interaction between them and the influence on the present situation of foreign language teaching in China.     

激活扩散模型与二语词汇知识深度习得

作为二语习得研究领域中的一个重大课题,词汇习得问题正引起越来越多的关注.文章讨论了激活扩散模型、词汇知识中的语义、词汇深度习得,指出激活扩散模型对词汇深度习得的作用.试图寻找出一条有效的词汇学习方法.     

Phonological processes as predictors of specific reading skills in children at risk for reading failure

Children at risk for reading disability were evaluated as kindergartners and again as first graders to determine (1) intercorrelations among phonological processing tasks and (2) the relationship of such tasks to word identification and word attack. With IQ controlled, there were no intercorrelations among measures of phonological awareness, phonetic recoding in working memory, and phonological recoding in lexical access. Thus, these results failed to substantiate the concept of a general phonological processing ability. Partial correlations controlling for IQ revealed no relationship between reading and phonological awareness or phonetic recoding in working memory. In contrast, lexical access measures were significantly, albeit moderately, correlated with word identification but not word attack. Word attack and word identification were predicted by different combinations of variables. These results suggest that lexical access ability is an important factor in reading acquisition and that different combinations of phonological processes may be related to different aspects of reading.This research was supported by PHS grant HD 21887 to Bowman Gray School of Medicine and by PHS Grant NS 19413 to UNC-Greensboro Subcontract to Bowman Gray School of Medicine.     

实验对比研究英语词汇习得策略

对两个医学专业大专班学生 ,在英语学习中两种词汇策略即上下文策略和背单词表策略的运用进行了对比研究 ,结果显示 :学生在学习词汇过程中 ,运用不同的学习策略会导致不同的学习效果 ;比起背单词表 ,在上下文中学习英语单词被证明是更为有效的学习策略     

浅析高等院校图书馆文献需求

从文献学科结构、读者需求信息和文献利用情况、出版物市场情况和文献出版信息三方面分析了高等院校图书馆文献需求,以提高文献采访工作的针对性,最终形成文献价值和文献需要有机统一的文献体系。     

论中国语境下外语"学得"向"习得"的转化

克拉申认为,“习得”和“学得”是两个独立的系统,二者无接口,无法相互转化。我们认为这种转化可以发生。中国由于没有理想的外语学习环境,必须要采取措施改进“学得”过程,促进这种转化,包括在课堂上尽量多提供可理解的语言信息输入,降低学习者的情感焦虑,引导他们自主学习等;而“任务型教学”,特别是“焦点式任务型教学”就是实现这种转化的载体与催化剂。     

Principle of Coordinates Acquisition Based on Single Camera

The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquistition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP0are discussed in this paper,Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets and one tip with known coordinates.the single camera‘s orientation and location can be calculated.After orientation.the global coordinate system is obtained.During measurement.the camera is fixed firstly.then the AMP is held and the feature point is touched.The camera is triggered lastly.The position and orientation of the AMP are therefore calculated from the size and position of its image on the sensor.Since the tip point of AMP has known relation with the embedded targets.the feature point can be measured.Tests show that the accuracy of length measurement is 0.2 mm and accuracy for flatness measurement in XSY-plane is 0.1mm.     

如何讲好“实数理论”

:本文探讨如何讲好“实数理论”。从实数集的完备性的公理出发到讲解“实数理论”的一系列定理及用这些定理证明的后继定理都应该突出“实数集的完备性”。使学生能抓住事物的本质 ,深刻理解“实数集的完备性”是《数学分析》的理论基础