Skirting the Sketch: An Analysis of Sketch Inhibition within Contemporary Design Higher Education

Sketch inhibition is regularly alluded to by educators within design higher education and one with increasingly marked effects on industry. Over the past thirty years, students have been observed to engage less with the manual processes of design development process in favour of other activities perceived as more attractive, to the detriment of their development as effective designers. This article offers an evaluation of literature which supports the importance of sketching to the design process across a variety of disciplines, its anatomy and functions and demonstrates its role in cognitive support, as a language, a means of reflection, communication and storage of information and the micro‐processes it embodies. Initial findings regarding the symptoms of sketch inhibition are presented: from avoidance of studio sessions and minimal design development, to an overreliance on digital tools. It considers causes, ranging from lacking skill‐sets, psycho‐social, to technological, and although further investigation is recommended to establish depth and enable development of an appropriate pedagogical framework for its management within HE, various methods are offered at this stage for use by educators: these include fine art exercises, a rigorous pursuit of quantity and even paper type.     

上古以母研究述评

以母在上古的音韵行为非常复杂,可以跟很多声母谐声、通假,如何解释这一现象,不同学者从不同角度进行了研究,结论不一。本文从音类、音值、演变过程等几个方面对上古以母的研究情况进行综述,并指出随着研究的深入,新出现的一些问题。     

随机需求下缺货延期补给的易变质产品的库存策略

我们考虑需求率为随机波动函数且依赖于产品销售价格,当产品销售价格P固定;允许缺货,缺货部分延期供给,拖后率是β（t）=：e^-kt,k〉0,t是等待时间时。研究了单一易变质产品的最优订购策略。采用周期盘点的（T,S）库存策略,即每隔相同的订购周期时长T,将库存水平补充到S,在不考虑固定订购成本及订购提前期的前提下,短缺量部分延期供给,建立了库存模型。利用连续函数性质和泰勒展开分析了易变质产品最优订购策略的求解方法,给出算例并进行仿真,得到了问题的近似最优解。     

《东皇太一》“盍将把兮琼芳”之“盍”

关于《东皇太一》＂瑶席兮玉瑱,盍将把兮琼芳＂中＂盍＂字的字义,学者们争论颇多。根据望山楚简中＂盍＂字用作＂盖＂的例子,得出此句中＂盍＂字所记录的,实际上是当时语言中的连词＂盖＂。     

从高凉县郡沿革看俚区羁縻式分治

据史籍中秦汉至南朝时期高凉县、郡沿革及相关俚族记载,以分析梁末前历朝对高凉俚区的羁縻式分划统治。认为汉晋岭南始现俚族应与秦汉以来历朝通过边地郡县对瓯、骆、乌浒等族的羁縻式统治有关,从西晋至南朝分置的羁縻性政区可以看出,梁末前历朝逐步推进对高凉俚区的羁縻式分划统治。通过以上羁縻性政区及相关行政制度,加快了高凉俚区部分俚僚如冼氏俚族与汉族间的融合。     

介孔纳米γ-Al_2O_3对稀土镧（Ⅲ）的吸附性能研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTAB）为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成介孔纳米γ-Al2O3,用透射电镜（TEM）、比表面测定（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）、和N2的吸附-脱附技术、Zetaplus电位测定,对所得的介孔纳米γ-Al2O3进行了表征。考察了介孔纳米γ-Al2O3在静态条件下对La（Ⅲ）的吸附性能。探讨了溶液的初始浓度、pH值、时间和温度对吸附性能的影响。结果表明：介孔纳米γ-Al2O3对La（Ⅲ）有很好的吸附性能,其吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温式。     

Social commerce adoption using TOE framework: An empirical investigation of Saudi Arabian SMEs

Social commerce is becoming an important hub for product sourcing, which helps companies to connect with customers and to gain competitive advantages. However, very little empirical research that focuses on small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been conducted to date. This study examines factors that affect social commerce adoption by SMEs. Using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) as the theoretical framework, the researchers tested the model and related hypotheses, employing structural equation modelling. The results from a survey of 181 SMEs in Saudi Arabia indicate that trading partner pressure in the environmental context, followed by top management support in the organisational context, and perceived usefulness in the technological context, have the most significant influence on behavioural intention to use social commerce. The research contributions and conclusion as well as limitations and future research directions are presented.     

Queer Intercultural Relationality: An Autoethnography of Asian–Black (Dis)Connections in White Gay America

For this critical intercultural inquiry, I as an Asian/Japanese transnational cisgendered gay man write my autoethnography of queer (or non-heteronormative) Asian–Black (dis)connections. Specifically, I challenge, interrogate, and problematize my queer intercultural production of desire and attraction as I engage in my critical autoethnographic interrogation of dialogues with five Asian/Japanese transnational gay men who have previously engaged in queer Asian–Black relationality. In so doing, I intend to create a potential point of departure to decenter the discursive and material effects of White gay normativity in the knowledge production of Asian queer male desire and attraction.     

伊比利亚文献对长城早期记载一瞥

近代欧洲西方国家来华的商贾、传教士、旅行家,以葡萄牙人、西班牙人为最早。他们对中国的文字记载中,不乏对长城的涉及与描述,因此,伊比利亚文献对于我们了解基督教文化对长城的评价及其在旧世界传播的起始时间具有决定性意义。本文比较详细地爬梳了16-17世纪伊比利亚史料中关于长城的各种记载,分析了几部主要历史著作的史料来源。     

Health-related fitness knowledge growth in middle school years: Individual- and school-level correlates

BackgroundHealth-related fitness knowledge (HRFK) has been an essential concept for many health and physical education programs. There has been limited understanding and longitudinal investigation on HRFK growth. This longitudinal study examined HRFK growth and its individual- and school-level correlates in middle school years under 1 curriculum condition: Five for Life.MethodsParticipants were 12,044 students from 47 middle schools. Data were collected at both individual/participant and school/institution levels. Individual-level variables included gender, grade, and HRFK test scores. School-level variables included percentage of students receiving free and reduced meals (FARM), student-to-faculty ratio for physical education, and school academic performance (SAP). We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine HRFK 3-year growth in relation to individual- and school-level correlates.ResultsThe average HRFK score at 6th grade for females was 42.81% ± 1.32%. The predicted HRFK growth was 17.06% ± 1.02% per year, holding other factors constant. A 1-standard deviation increase in FARM correlated with a 14.68%-point decrease in predicted test score (p = 0.02). A 1-standard deviation increase in SAP was associated with an 11.90%-point increase in HRFK score. Males had a significantly lower growth rate than females during the middle school years (0.78%/year, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe result showed that both individual- and school-level variables such as gender, FARM, and SAP influenced HRFK growth. Educators should heed gender differences in growth curves and recognize the correlates of school-level variables.