美国中小学领域“教育增值评估体系”研究

目前,美国中小学领域中的"教育增值评估体系"是在国家重视教育问责、鼓励建立新一轮绩效工资制度的背景下产生的,教育增值的计算原理和计算结果的有效性成为其立论基础。该体系的实施以增值评估的统计分析方法为前提,现实中有很多具体案例。除了评估学校与教师的工作绩效以计算绩效收入外,教育增值评估体系的内容范畴还涉及教师专业发展、职前教师培养和教师从教资格与级别的认证等方面。     

Trends and practices in functional behavior assessments completed by school psychologists

Functional Behavior Assessments (FBAs) utilize direct and indirect methods to collect data on student behavior to generate a functional hypothesis and drive intervention development. School psychologists are trained to conduct FBAs and use them regularly in schools. However, no evidence exists describing the specific practices used by school psychologists when they conduct FBAs. In this study, 199 respondents completed a web‐based survey developed using expert review and cognitive pretesting. Most respondents reported their gender as female (87%), were between 30 and 39 years old (50%), and practiced at the Specialist level (57%). Respondents reported receiving training in FBA across multiple sources and utilizing multi‐method data collection methods when conducting FBAs. A large amount of variability was observed in the specific instruments used by school psychologists, with a substantial proportion using forms that were not standardized or pre‐constructed. Implications for current practitioners, trainers, and researchers are described.     

Consistently inconsistent: An examination of the variability in the identification of emotional disturbance

The federal definition of emotional disturbance (ED) has been heavily criticized as vaguely defined and poorly operationalized yet there has not been a formal analysis of the reliability of the ED criteria. This study examined the reliability of the federal criteria for a special education designation of ED. A total of 179 school psychologists reviewed a mock special education report, made an eligibility determination, and provided information about their eligibility decision. In all, 56 participants found the student met ED eligibility criteria using 16 different combinations of the five criteria. Krippendorff’s α, a statistic preferred for content analysis, was calculated as a measure of criterion reliability. Results indicated extremely poor reliability (α = 0.2011). These findings demonstrate the importance of redefining the existing criteria.     

Examining the ethical environment in higher education

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) across the world have found themselves faced with new challenges on issues of ethics. Much of this has been centred on issues of assessment: plagiarism, buying essays, sharing/lending of previously passed work and the stealing of marked/returned work of others. Institutions still treat academic misconduct as largely a behavioural difficulty rather than an issue of ethics (or education), suggesting that academia places a far greater emphasis on combating new forms of dishonesty than it does on encouraging ethical habits and a healthy ethical environment. To date, the majority of research in this area has examined these forms of academic misconduct from the point of view of the student and/or the university, with the perspective of academics receiving very limited attention. Our hypothesis is that academics are perhaps best placed to provide the education needed to create and sustain an ethical environment, and we argue that being ‘ethically aware’ is a critical factor in the development of academic competence for all parties. This study adds to existing research in three ways: firstly, by highlighting the importance of an overall framework for an ethical environment within HEIs; secondly, by suggesting an ecological model of key parties (the university, students and academics) with responsibility for this environment in assessment; and thirdly, by including new evidence (generated by a survey of academics) to extend our understanding of their views on these issues.     

独立学院仪器设备效益评价探讨

对独立学院仪器设备资源进行效益综合评价是必要的。制定合理的评价标准对于实施评价、促进管理者的工作积极性有重要意义。制定评价标准应该坚持分类原则、保底原则、标准定级原则和实践原则。     

Exploring and evaluating differentiated assessment practices of in-service teachers for components of differentiation

Classroom assessment is central to effective teaching and learning, making assessment literacy a core component for teacher education. The present study explores self-reported, differentiated assessment practices of Malaysian in-service teachers. The practices were evaluated using an analytic framework that was developed based upon the existing literature on components of differentiation. Data were collected from 32 in-service teachers using open-ended survey questionnaires. Twelve of the teachers also participated in in-depth interviews. Documents provided by the teachers were also analyzed. Data from the open-ended survey were analyzed using NVivo11 to develop codes for the analytic framework. The findings offer insights into teachers’ knowledge, application, and interpretation of differentiated assessment practices. The discussion explores teachers’ explanations of their own practices and, further, recommends ways to improve knowledge and application of differentiated assessment. The implications of the findings are discussed for assessment literacy-related professional development for teachers, school management and policies to facilitate implementation of differentiated assessment.     

Performance factors and immigration. Impact of individual and school variables / Factores de rendimiento e inmigración. Impacto de variables individuales y escolares

The way schools address migratory movements has a direct impact on integration and social cohesion, making the in-depth study of factors that affect the lower performance of immigrant students in comparison with non-immigrants essential. Using a methodology based on random coefficient models, this paper analyses the differential effect of individual level and school level variables on the estimation of mathematical competence in non-immigrant and immigrant populations. Data are extracted from an educational assessment programme carried out in the Basque Autonomous Community. The sample consists of 16,981 students with an average age of 13.7 years, of which 1,369 are immigrant students. The results reveal that individual and family-level variables show significantly higher impact on student performance than school-level variables. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of investing in policies to support diversity that work at family level, as a means to achieve fuller equity.     

我国房产税改革刍议

在目前中国房价居高不下的背景下,重庆市和上海市开始了房产税改革试点。这不仅仅是一个抛向楼市水池的试水石,更是促进政府职能转变,完善税制结构,稳定地方财政收入的有益尝试。当前我国涉及到房产税的问题很多,不仅包括宏观方面的税制结构,也包括微观层面的计税依据。文章探讨了一些关于现行房产税的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

高职课程项目化教学及“驾证式”考核探索——以“建筑识图与构造”课程为例

从高职建筑工程技术专业教育的人才培养目标出发,通过分析目前高职课程教学存在的问题,针对"建筑识图与构造"课程建设,探索实施项目化(任务)教学模式、"驾证式"考核方式、适应课程教学体系构建方法的项目化特色教材的课程建设思路。     

环巢湖旅游地开发条件定量评价

通过实地调研和专家咨询,构建了湖泊型旅游地开发评价指标体系。根据湖泊型旅游地开发评价因子的特性,将其分为两种类型,一类是数值型因子,一类是模糊型因子,分别对其进行评价,进而提出一种具有兼容性的湖泊旅游地开发综合评价模型。运用此模型对环巢湖旅游地开发条件进行综合定量评价,得出环巢湖旅游地综合评价得分是7.626,总体上属国家级旅游地,并对定量评价结论进行了相关讨论。