Desktop research – bibliographic databases and electronic journals

Contemporary aspects of research methods in sport and exercise psychology are discussed in this wide-ranging review. After an introduction centred on trends in sport and exercise psychology methods, the review is organized around the major themes of quantitative and qualitative research. Our aim is to highlight areas that may be problematic or controversial (e.g. stepwise statistical procedures), underused (e.g. discriminant analysis), increasingly used (e.g. meta-analysis, structural equation modelling, qualitative content analysis) and emergent (e.g. realist tales of writing). Perspectives range from the technical and speculative to the controversial and critical. While deliberately not providing a ‘cookbook’ approach to research methods, we hope to provide enough material to help researchers to appreciate the diversity of potential methods and to adopt a more critical perspective in their own research consumption and production.     

Hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis of the Flow State Scale in exercise

In this study, we examined the factor structure and internal consistency of the Flow State Scale using responses of exercise participants.This self-report questionnaire consists of nine subscales designed to assess flow in sport and physical activity. It was administered to 1231 aerobic dance exercise participants. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test three competing measurement models of the flow construct: a single-factor model, a nine-factor model and a hierarchical model positing a higher-order flow factor to explain the intercorrelations between the nine first-order factors. The single-factor model showed a poor fit to the data. The nine-factor model and the hierarchical model did not show an adequate fit to the data. All subscales of the Flow State Scale displayed acceptable internal consistency ( f > 0.70), with the exception of transformation of time ( f = 0.65). Collectively, the present results do not provide support for the tenability of the single-factor, nine-factor or hierarchical measurement models in an exercise setting.     

从妈祖造像看中国神像造型美学的意涵

妈祖信仰形成了大量不同时期风格多样的妈祖造像。这些造像,系统地展示了妈祖形象变化发展的历史轨迹,溶入了各时代人们对妈祖形象的理解,是造像师们的审美心态和时代审美倾向共同作用的结果,既秉承了中国传统神像造型艺术传统,同时记录了妈祖的造型演变和民众的文化审美理念,成为妈祖信仰文化中重要的艺术文化资产。从妈祖造像语言的发展脉络中,我们可以窥视到中国民间造神的演变过程;从妈祖造像中,我们可以解读出中国神像造像美学意涵的广大精微。     

The Evaluation of Modelling Competences: Difficulties and potentials for the learning of the sciences

Modelling is an inherent process for the construction and use of science concepts that mobilize diverse specific competences. The aims of this work are to put forward a means of evaluating modelling competences that is relevant for physics teaching and science education research and to identify the potentials and constraints in the development of modelling competences. A written test, which embraces a wide range of modelling aspects in mechanics domain, was drawn up and validated, and a theoretically based evaluation methodology was specified. In the validation process, the test was given to 75 subjects distributed across seven levels of physics education. The answers were analysed and later cluster analysis was carried out in order to identify categories of answers among the diverse answers. The results indicate that the test identified and delimitated modelling competences. Some results are in agreement with those obtained through other research into this issue and other results better elucidate certain aspects of modelling. The way in which evaluation methodology can be used in other areas of physics is discussed, such as in research and in teaching. Also discussed is how the constraints and potentials identified in the development of modelling competences can be taken into account in teaching and learning sciences.     

Multilevel Modelling in Repeated Measures of the Quality of Finnish School Life

The main interest of the paper is methodological: to exploit multilevel modelling in analysing quality of school life data gathered in 1991 and 1995 in Finnish comprehensive schools, with the intention of investigating differences and related changes in the quality of school life over time. The specific methodological aim is to explore the advantages gained and problems encountered while applying multilevel models and the statistical program MLwiN in analysing large scale educational data with repeated measures. The quality of school life was assessed by a representative sample of all the Grade 8 pupils throughout the country with a 4 year interval in the same schools. The measurement of the quality of school life focused on general school satisfaction and on teacher-student relations. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by means of factor analysis. The findings of the multilevel statistical analysis are discussed both from an educational and a methodological point of view.     

基于UML教务管理系统的设计

提出一种实用的基于UML的需求分析及其建模方法,以概念模型来表达事务模型,以状态图、设计类图及交互图模型表达系统的结构逻辑及行为逻辑,以用况表达系统需求,讨论了需求分析及其建模的过程概念。该方法已经在教务系统需求分析中得到成功应用。     

面向对象的图档管理系统数据模型建模方法

对基于关系数据库系统的面向对象数据模型的实现问题进行了分析,并提出解决问题的具体方法。该解决方法综合了面向对象方法与关系数据库系统的优势,进一步阐述了面向对象方法在实际图档管理软件开发中的广泛应用。     

“C＋＋面向对象程序设计本科教学探索与实践”

C＋＋面向对象程序设计是计算机本科专业的一门主干课程。只有从教学计划修订、教材精选、教学内容优化、教学方法和手段的改进、考核方式改革等方面进行探索和实践,才能取得了较好的教学效果。     

Talking modelling: examining secondary science teachers’ modelling-related talk during a model-based inquiry unit

This study examines the classroom talk about models and modelling of two secondary science teachers implementing a model-based inquiry instructional unit. The goal was to better understand the opportunities for explicit metamodeling talk in the science classroom. The findings revealed the ways in which they used language to frame the modelling work of the classroom. Instances of modelling talk were identified in classroom videos, and coded using a framework for metamodeling knowledge. Findings revealed that, while instances of metamodeling talk were common, they were largely implicit. This shows that the teachers were aware and knowledgeable about metamodeling ideas (e.g. the nature of models, process of modelling, etc.), but often did not make these ideas explicit to their students. Such findings suggest a trend of focusing on models of phenomena rather than supporting student engagement in the epistemic practice of modelling for reasoning about phenomena. The findings also revealed specific opportunities for explicit metamodeling talk by the teachers including during share-out sessions and the negotiation of explanation criteria. Further implications for classroom practice and research are discussed.