The teacher educator as a role model

New visions of learning have entered education. This article discusses the consequences for teacher education, and examines modelling by teacher educators as a means of changing the views and practices of future teachers. The results of a literature search and a multiple case study on modelling are discussed. Both the literature search and the case study approach led to the conclusion that we have discovered what is almost a blank spot in both the body of knowledge on teacher education and the actual practices of many teacher educators. The article concludes with a discussion of ways to improve this situation.     

A multi-dimensional transfer function approach to photo-acoustic signal analysis

Photo-acoustic signal generation has shown potential for medical tomography. This paper aims to present a consistent and unified approach to the mathematical modelling of the photo-acoustic problem, using a transfer function approach. A generalized version of the Fourier slice theorem is presented and proved. Reconstruction algorithms can be developed based on specific cases of this general theorem. Closed-form solutions to special cases are given in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. These can be used to simulate the forward problem and as test cases for any reconstruction algorithms.     

Design‐based Research: Case of a teaching sequence on mechanics

Design‐based research, and particularly its theoretical status, is a subject of debate in the science education community. In the first part of this paper, a theoretical framework drawn up to develop design‐based research will be presented. This framework is mainly based on epistemological analysis of physics modelling, learning and teaching hypotheses. It includes grand theories, a specific theory that following Cobb, Confrey, diSessa, Lehrer, and Schauble is a “humble theory” in the sense that it does “real work”, and tools for design. In the second part, we will show how this specific theory and its tools led designers to develop teaching resources in the case of a teaching sequence on mechanics (Grade 10). We will explain how the components of the specific theory and tools guide the design at different levels; the conceptual structure of the teaching sequence, the chronology of the activities, the various choices of the type of activity and their wording. This presentation makes the bases of designing teaching resources explicit and therefore allows for scientific debate.     

古典建筑与中国山水画程式的关系与影响

中国山水画与古典建筑有着密切的联系,许多山水画的程式造型和审美意象往往来源于古典建筑,作为民族文化的艺术精华,它们集中展现了中国人特有的艺术理念和审美追求.建筑工程图样促进了当时建筑技术的进步,同时也推动了山水画的程式化发展,建筑形制带来的人文精神与实用观念使山水画庞大而丰厚的审美体系得到完善,对于深入山水画的创作有着深远意义.     

Metriken und Regeln für eine zustandsbasierte SW-Entwicklung im Automobilbereich

Zusammenfassung Im Folgenden wird ein prototypisches Werkzeug zur Qualit?tssicherung im modellbasierten Entwurf vorgestellt. Mit diesem Programm kann eine automatische überprüfung von Modellierungsregeln an zustandsbasierten Modellen erfolgen. Des Weiteren ist eine Bewertung des Gesamtsystems durch Software-Metriken m?glich. Der Prototyp namens Regel Checker wurde im Rahmen eines Automotive-Projekts entwickelt und eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe des Regel Checkers k?nnen Modellierungsregeln und Software-Metriken in OCL bzw. Java definiert werden, um Inkonsistenzen, Inkompatibilit?ten sowie Designfehler zu analysieren und zu bewerten.

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In the following, a prototypic tool is introduced for quality assurance in model-based design. Automatic checking of modelling rules in state-based models can be done with this application. Furthermore, an evaluation of the total system is possible by means of software metrics. The prototype called rule checker has been developed and used in a automotive project. With the Rule Checker, modelling rules and software metrics can be defined in OCL and/or Java in order to analyse and evaluate inconsistencies, incompatibilities as well as design errors.

CR Subject Classification D.2.2,D.2.4,D.2.8     

Theory and practice in sport psychology and motor behaviour needs to be constrained by integrative modelling of brain and behaviour

Because of advances in technology, the non-invasive study of the human brain has enhanced the knowledge base within the neurosciences, resulting in an increased impact on the psychological study of human behaviour. We argue that application of this knowledge base should be considered in theoretical modelling within sport psychology and motor behaviour alongside existing ideas. We propose that interventions founded on current theoretical and empirical understanding in both psychology and the neurosciences may ultimately lead to greater benefits for athletes during practice and performance. As vehicles for exploring the arguments of a greater integration of psychology and neurosciences research, imagery and perception–action within the sport psychology and motor behaviour domains will serve as exemplars. Current neuroscience evidence will be discussed in relation to theoretical developments; the implications for sport scientists will be considered.     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factor structure ofthe Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) using confirmatory factor analysis. Volunteer participants (n= 1213) completed the CSAI-2 approximately 1 h before competition and the data were analysed in two samples. The hypothesized model showed poor fit indices in both samples independently (Robust Comparative Fit Index: sample A=0.82, sample B =0.84) and simultaneously (Comparative FitIndex = 0.83), suggesting that the factor structure proposed by Martens et al. is flawed. Our findings suggest that a limitation of the Cognitive Anxiety scale derives from phrasing items around the word ‘concerned’ rather than ‘worried’. We suggest that being concerned about an impending performance does not necessarily mean that an athlete is experiencing negative thoughts, but that the athlete is acknowledging the importance and difficulty of the challenge and is attempting to mobilize resources to cope. The present results question the use of the CSAI-2 as a valid measure of competitive state anxiety.     

Career performance trajectories of Olympic swimmers: Benchmarks for talent development

Abstract

The age-related progression of elite athletes to their career-best performances can provide benchmarks for talent development. The purpose of this study was to model career performance trajectories of Olympic swimmers to develop these benchmarks. We searched the Web for annual best times of swimmers who were top 16 in pool events at the 2008 or 2012 Olympics, from each swimmer's earliest available competitive performance through to 2012. There were 6959 times in the 13 events for each sex, for 683 swimmers, with 10 ± 3 performances per swimmer (mean ± s). Progression to peak performance was tracked with individual quadratic trajectories derived using a mixed linear model that included adjustments for better performance in Olympic years and for the use of full-body polyurethane swimsuits in 2009. Analysis of residuals revealed appropriate fit of quadratic trends to the data. The trajectories provided estimates of age of peak performance and the duration of the age window of trivial improvement and decline around the peak. Men achieved peak performance later than women (24.2 ± 2.1 vs. 22.5 ± 2.4 years), while peak performance occurred at later ages for the shorter distances for both sexes (～1.5–2.0 years between sprint and distance-event groups). Men and women had a similar duration in the peak-performance window (2.6 ± 1.5 years) and similar progressions to peak performance over four years (2.4 ± 1.2%) and eight years (9.5 ± 4.8%). These data provide performance targets for swimmers aiming to achieve elite-level performance.     

OpenGL的应用与探讨

本文介绍了系统仿真的概念和OGL在建立仿真模型的功能特点,及其在系统仿真中的应用,并根据课题开发的仿真系统,很好的说明了用OpenGL建立的仿真模型具有建模方便、易于控制等优点。     

Evaluating engagement with graduate outcomes across higher education institutions in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Our research addressed two aims: to develop a systematic way to evaluate institutional engagement with graduate outcomes and to explore such engagement in higher education institutions in Aotearoa/New Zealand. An online survey was completed by 14/29 institutions with nine follow-up interviews to gather information on institutional engagement with graduate outcomes. Using a Maturity Modelling approach with indicators of planning, systems, delivery, assessment, evaluation and professional development support for graduate outcomes, we assessed the level of engagement in each institution. Results revealed patchy engagement across the polytechnic and university sectors. There was strong engagement with the planning, systems and delivery of graduate outcomes, particularly in the polytechnic sector, but much lower engagement with their assessment and evaluation, and overall, weak engagement with professional development support for graduate outcomes. Some mechanisms for promoting engagement with graduate outcomes were external drivers, a teaching-focused culture, strong leadership from the top and enabling structures. Our findings can inform institutional policies and practices in order to support not only compliance, but more importantly engagement with the graduate outcome agenda to improve the student learning experience.