备战温哥华冬奥会中外男子空中技巧重点选手实力对比分析

采用以三次文献法为主的体育信息研究方法,对9名中外重点选手的竞技实力进行了对比分析。结果指出:加拿大的斯蒂夫是温哥华冬奥会夺金的热门选手;如果拥有世界最高难度动作的美国选手杰列特复出并参加温哥华冬奥会,将对任何选手构成严重威胁;我国选手韩晓鹏欲温哥华冬奥会成功卫冕,除应提高动作稳定性与动作质量外,尚需提高参赛动作难度。     

对参加北京奥运会蹦床比赛的16名世界优秀女子蹦床运动员竞技实力的分析

采用比赛现场统计、资料分析、调研考察等方法对2008年北京奥运会预选赛前16名世界优秀女子蹦床运动员的竞技实力进行分析。结果表明:规定动作是决定运动员预赛能否顺利进入前8名的基础和条件保证;整套动作的"精细化"程度、动作位移是我国选手规定动作尚需加强之处;自选动作与主要竞争对手仍有差距,主要表现在动作难度低于对手,难度实力欠缺;世界优秀运动员自选动作难度的使用表现出一定的规律性;进一步"细化"规定动作,突出"完美性",适度提高成套动作难度是备战阶段要解决的主要问题。     

武术运动的研究现状分析

文章运用文献资料法和访谈法等研究方法,从武术的概念、教学、训练、动作技术分析等方面对武术运动的发展进行了分析研究,以便更好地为开展全民健身计划以及对武术的进一步研究提供参考。     

中国武术的"奥林匹克"阐释

文章采用文献资料法、逻辑分析等方法,通过对中国武术国际化进程以及中国武术的分类进行研究,进一步阐述了中国武术的"奥林匹克"出路,首先应积极发掘、创设、恢复和推动器械对抗、骑兵对抗、模拟仿古军事武术、武状元N项比赛、功夫竞技等新的武术竞技项目。重新审视中国武术运动的文化定位,跳出西方人的框架,逐步打造出一个中国武术的"奥林匹克",旨在为后奥运时代中国武术的发展提供一些思路。     

发展中的奥运吉祥物研究

文章运用文献资料法对奥运吉祥物的内涵、发展进行了研究。奥运吉祥物作为一种特殊的商品价值被进一步放大,本身蕴含的经济价值也越来越大,从而促进了相关产业的发展。文章同时对奥运吉祥物的发展趋势进行了预测。     

Effects of different warm-up modalities on power output during the high pull

This study compared the effects of six warm-up modalities on peak power output (PPO) during the high-pull exercise. Nine resistance-trained males completed six trials using different warm-ups: high-pull specific (HPS), cycle, whole body vibration (WBV), cycle+HPS, WBV+HPS and a control. Intramuscular temperature (T_m) was increased by 2°C using WBV or cycling. PPO, T_m and electromyography (EMG) were recorded during each trial. Two high-pulls were performed prior to and 3 min after participants completed the warm-up. The greatest increase in PPO occurred with HPS (232.8 ± 89.7 W, P < 0.001); however, this was not different to combined warm-ups (cycle+HPS 158.6 ± 121.1 W; WBV+HPS 177.3 ± 93.3 W, P = 1.00). These modalities increased PPO to a greater extent than those that did not involve HPS (all P < 0.05). HPS took the shortest time to complete, compared to the other conditions (P < 0.05). EMG did not differ from pre to post warm-up or between modalities in any of the muscles investigated. No change in T_m occurred in warm-ups that did not include cycling or WBV. These results suggest that a movement-specific warm-up improves performance more than temperature-related warm-ups. Therefore, mechanisms other than increased muscle temperature and activation may be important for improving short-term PPO.     

第31届奥运会男篮参赛球队攻防能力研究

采用文献资料法、录像观察法和秩和比法等,对参加31届奥运会男篮比赛球队的攻防能力进行综合量化评价,并将中国男篮与对手的攻防能力指标进行对比分析.结果显示:中国男篮进攻RSR处于D级,在得分、助攻、3分球命中率与罚球命中率上,与对手存在非常显著性差异,在失误数、进攻篮板、3分球出手数上与对手存在显著性差异;中国男篮防守RSR处于D级,防守篮板数比对手少,而失分和犯规数比对手多,且在犯规数上与法国男篮存在显著性差异;中国男篮攻防RSR处于E级;球队最终排名与进攻RSR值和攻防RSR值之间存在非常显著性相关.     

从第31届奥运会看世界男篮的竞争新格局

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、秩和比法等对进入第31届奥运会男子篮球决赛阶段的12支球队的攻防指标进行了研究。研究显示:在进攻端,美国、西班牙、澳大利亚、塞尔维亚4支球队排在前4名,中国男篮的进攻RSR值为0.21,在所有参赛球队中垫底。在防守端,西班牙、法国、克罗地亚、美国排在前4名,中国队的防守RSR值为0.35,列所有参赛球队的第11名。攻防综合方面,美国、西班牙、澳大利亚是表现最为出色的球队,中国男篮的攻防RSR值为0.13,在所有参赛球队中垫底。本届奥运会形成了美国男篮实力出众、欧洲球队整体实力强劲、大洋洲和非洲篮球进步明显、亚洲篮球远远落后于世界篮球的新格局。     

‘The old days of amateurism are over’: the Samaranch revolution and the return of Olympic tennis

Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts commenced in the 1950s, setting this development in the contexts of: broader political movements, shifting IOC leadership, burgeoning commercialisation of Olympic sport, the concomitant push for professionalisation and the declining influence of amateur ideals within both the Olympic movement and international tennis. Under the leadership of the amateur stalwart Avery Brundage, the IOC stymied attempts to facilitate tennis’s re-entry, challenging both the ILTF on failing to deal with widespread ‘sham-amateur’ practices and the avaricious promoters luring amateur players toward the professional ranks. Brundage and the IOC also strongly condemned the move to ‘open’ tennis and an acceptance of full-blown professionalism. Only a change in leadership, firstly with Lord Killanin and then the progressive reformer Juan Antonio Samaranch, did the IOC recognise the value of tennis within the Olympic movement, which by then had itself become increasingly money-oriented.     

青奥会与奥运会遗产之比较

青奥会和奥运会的东道城市和国家越来越重视通过奥运赛事的承办为其创造"遗产".通过对既有文献资料的研究,进行逻辑分析,结合专家访谈,阐释"奥运遗产"概念的内涵,并从体育参与、社会进步、环境保护、城市建设和经济发展的角度分析青奥会和奥运会遗产的异同并讨论其原因.虽然青奥会与奥运会同属奥林匹克运动体系并一脉相承致使二者在奥运遗产方面有很多相似之处,但二者办赛理念和影响范围的迥异仍然可以体现在奥运遗产中.2007年后,青奥会和奥运会能够实现并存的原因在于各自不同的发展重心.发展的要求和现实的考验是青奥会和奥运会的共同议题,如果奥运会要以世界性大型赛会的社会经济发展的意义来度量"奥运遗产",青奥会就有必要从全球青少年通过体育所搭建的平台实现沟通与理解的角度来框架"奥运遗产"的范畴.区分与辨别所促进对于"奥运遗产"的理解并不是主要目的,面对2022年冬奥会的挑战,通过前期计划和组织影响"奥运遗产"的产生和作用才是当务之急.