Domesticating Computers and the Internet

The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated people, mostly men, in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift. Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs. Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated. Women, children, and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men. In addition, the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services.     

Using the Content of Online Privacy Notices to Inform Public Policy: A Longitudinal Analysis of the 1998-2001 U.S. Web Surveys

In the United States, Congress has had a long-standing interest in consumer privacy and the extent to which company practices are based on fair information practices. Previously, public policy was largely informed by anecdotal evidence about the effectiveness of industry self-regulatory programs. However, the Internet has made it possible to unobtrusively sample web sites and their privacy disclosures in a way that is not feasible in the offline world. Beginning in 1998, the Federal Trade Commission relied upon a series of three surveys of web sites to assess whether organizations post online privacy disclosures and whether these disclosures represent the U.S. definition of fair information practices. While each year's survey has provided an important snapshot of U.S. web-site practices, there has been no longitudinal analysis of the multiyear trends. This study compares a subset of equivalent individual-level web-site data for the 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 web surveys. Implications for using this type of research to inform public policy are discussed.     

Researching Internet Communities: Proposed Ethical Guidelines for the Reporting of Results

Communication researchers and social scientists are quickly discovering the value of data that exists in the postings of members of Internet e-mail, Usenet, and real-time groups. The ability to communicate with one's peers, no matter how esoteric the interests, is causing an explosion in the number of new virtual communities. The interpersonal dynamics of these groups are increasingly coming under the scrutiny of academic research. The publicly available archived records of Internet virtual communities are being analyzed for a wide variety of research interests. The ability to do naturalistic observations of group dynamics, as they are exhibited in these exchanges of text, has captured the attention of many researchers. The institutional review boards of major universities are granting researchers exempt or expedited (exempt from full review) status for this work, due to the public nature of the notes being analyzed. These studies often involve the lack of informed consent, where the group members under study are unaware they are being monitored. There is a potential for psychological harm to the members of these groups, depending on the way results are reported. This article explores the ethical considerations that must be taken into account to protect cyberspace participants. The guidelines proposed are based on the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for use of human subjects in research. An explanation is offered as to how such guidelines can best be applied to the study of Internet communities. The constructs of Group Accessibility (the public/private nature of the actual cyberspace occupied by a group) and Perceived Privacy (the level of privacy that group members assume they have) are defined and proposed as two dimensions by which individual Internet communities may be evaluated in order to assure the ethical reporting of research findings.     

Dialog系统上证券信息的检索

本文在介绍Tradeline文档的基础上，探讨了通过Dialog系统的检索证券信息的方法，并指出，在因特网上充斥着大量免费信息的情况下，Dialog系统仍然是证券投资类研究人员重要的情报源。     

在线学习活动设计与网络教学平台的功能

本文主要论述了网络教学平台在网络教学中的重要地位,并从功能模块和网络课程教学实施的角度分析了网络教学平台的功能,通过调研提出了目前成人学历教育中在线学习活动的类型及特点,最后分析不同类型在线学习活动对网络教学平台的功能要求。     

在线实践社区中教师同伴互助活动的可视化

教师同伴互助活动的可视化有助于设计者对在线实践社区功能的反思和更精致设计的决策,对于参与在线实践社区同伴互助活动的教师而言,有利于识别教师同伴互助的行为模式、增加社区感、增强社会存在感、吸引教师的专注力和个人行为的反思与行动。对于研究的本身,为进一步的教师同伴互助行为的预测和挖掘奠定了基础。本文的目标是探究教师同伴互助活动可视化的思路、技术和方法。     

基于混合图的在线社交网络朋友推荐算法

针对在线社交网络朋友推荐问题,尝试融合多个社会网络为一个混合图模型,采用基于混合图模型的重启动随机游走算法,为用户提供个性化的朋友推荐,并通过参数调节多个网络的权重。实验表明,该算法提高了在线社交网络朋友推荐的准确性。     

国外高校网上校史信息分析

国外高校的网上校史信息,除了通过一些常规栏目介绍学校的基本情况和历史概貌,还有丰富多彩的专题,介绍学校的各种特色活动和学校在重大社会变化中的历史功绩。不拘一格的发布方式,便捷的数据浏览、检索和下载功能,重视校史信息的互动性和趣味性,范围广泛、内容深入的网上校史信息资源,传达了以读者为本位的展示理念,这些特点对国内高校网上校史馆的建设均有借鉴价值。     

网络舆情信息监测研究进展

从网络舆情理论研究、网络舆情监测与分析技术、网络舆情监测系统与实践三个方面对现有研究进行分析和概括。通过归纳网络舆情信息监测的技术流程,综述了与网络舆情监测密切相关的论题如网络舆情的概念、产生与传播机制、网络舆情的特征与影响、网络舆情的主体与媒介、网络舆情模式识别、基于内容挖掘的舆情监测与分析核心技术、舆情监测系统与应用等研究的成就与不足,并试图指出发展前景。     

网络舆情信息提取与预处理研究

本研究针对舆情信息源特征就舆情信息增量采集、提取和存储、文本信息预处理提出了基于Web—Harvest的定点信息采集以及基于输入法平台的新词收集策略,构建了一个互联网用语扩展词库,实现了信息预处理关键模块。