马克思主义哲学的精神实质与哲学教学改革

马克思主义哲学是科学世界观和方法论，是改造世界的哲学，不是永恒不变的真理，更不是教条，而是行动的指南。哲学教学应该让学生掌握马克思主义哲学的精神实质，让学生认识到它是时代精神的精华，是随着时代的发展而不断发展的具有旺盛生命力的哲学。     

大学英语教与学中不容忽视的一个环节--单词英文释义的学习

正确理解词义是准确运用词语的先决条件。学生无论是书面表达还是口头表达，许多情况下，由于对词义理解不准确，造成用词不当。其中大多是因为学生过多依赖汉语释义，而忽略英释义。因此，阅读英释义对英语学习具有重要的作用。     

光信息科学与技术专业实验教学改革与实践

以培养高素质的创新性人才为目标，按照光学知识结构特性和学科发展，并结合实际情况，介绍了北京交通大学光信息科学与技术专业实验教学改革与实践情况，提出了与理论教学有机结合、以能力培养为核心、分层次的光学专业实验教学模式，取得了较好效果。     

树立与新课程相适应的教学观念

为了适应当前的新课程改革,需要树立先进的教学观念。教学不只是传授知识的过程,更是师生交往、积极互动、共同发展的过程;教学也不是只重结论的过程,而是一个过程、结论并重的阶段,它是学生探索新知的经历和获得新知的体验;学科教学要以学生的发展为根本,服务于学生的全面发展。     

从高职入口看我国高等职业教育改革

我国现有高职入口模式“门槛高”、“面向窄”，不适应职业教育的发展方向。我们要改革高职入口模式，坚持以考查职业技能为主，面向全民，建立相关改革配套措施，推动全民职业素质的提高。     

Teaching Traditions in Science Teachers’ Practices and the Introduction of National Testing

Our main interest in this article is to explore whether Swedish teachers changed their teaching and assessment practices in relation to the new national tests in science education that were introduced 2009. Data was collected using a web-distributed questionnaire, which was answered by 407 teachers. The concept of teaching traditions is used to capture patterns of what is emphasized by teachers in terms of goals and content in teaching and the design of the questionnaire was based on the concept of curriculum emphases. The results show two distinct groups of focus, which are compared with two traditions within science education: the Academic and the Moral tradition. The main content where teaching has been changed is in making science more applied than before, where applied not only means the application of science knowledge to practical technical issues, but also to moral and political issues.     

Developing a communal identity as beginning teachers of mathematics: Emergence of an online community of practice

The aim of this study is to investigate how a community of practice focused on becoming a teacher of secondary school mathematics emerged during a pre-service teacher education programme and was sustained after students graduated and began their first year of full-time teaching in schools. Bulletin board discussions of one pre-service cohort are analysed in terms of Wenger’s (1998) three defining features of a community of practice: mutual engagement of participants, negotiation of a joint enterprise, and development of a shared repertoire for creating meaning. Emergence of the online community was associated with our own role in facilitating professional dialogue, the voluntary and unstructured nature of participation, initial face-to-face interaction that created familiarity and trust, and the convenience of using email rather than logging on to a website. The study shows that the emergent design of the community contributed to its sustainability in allowing the pre-service and beginning teachers to define their own professional goals and values.

中世纪大学向现代大学的过渡——文艺复兴与宗教改革时期欧洲大学的变迁

文艺复兴和宗教改革对传统大学造成以下影响 :冲击了中世纪大学占垄断地位的经院主义课程 ;加快了大学世俗化的进程 ;大学由国际性机构转变为民族性的机构 ;学术自由的萌芽。中世纪欧洲大学变迁的史实表明 ,虽然大学改革最终完成于 19世纪初 ,但实际上于文艺复兴和宗教改革时期近代大学已具雏形     

从废八股到改科举:以1898年的争论为中心

科举制度在中国封建历史进程中曾经起过重要的作用，但是久而久之积弊难返。由于这一制度的任何更改都势必牵涉众多乃至一代人的利益，因此多年来议论归议论，执行归执行，人人都说科举制度摧残人才，不利于选拔人才，可是人人也都在这条，艮难的道路上跋涉。到了1898年夏天，由于政治变革的急剧发展．废除以八股取士为主要内容的科举制度也就自然地提到了政治日程。以康、梁为代表的维新派坚决主张彻底废除科举考试制度，甚至建议光绪皇帝不惜采取某些非常规的政治手段。在维新势力的鼓吹和支持下，光绪帝冒然宣布废科举，然而由此却引发了一场空前的辨难和新旧势力的急剧冲突，最后清廷只好采取变通的办法从废科举的既定政策退回到改科举。     

对我国学校体育教学改革的探讨

通过系统地分析当前我国学校体育教学的现状及对体育本质属性的再认识,找出其问题的根源,并根据现代教育思想观念、终身体育及素质教育内涵,对学校体育教学改革提出了一系列的创新设想.