面向对象的软件开发方法与应用

本文全面系统地对面向对象的软件开发方法进行了介绍,并结合一著名软件问题,对这种方法的整个工作过程作了进一步的分析与讨论。     

软件工程实践教学方法探讨

本文对软件工程的课程特点进行了简单论述,并分析了该课程当前教学存在的问题,以及实践教学的重要意义和实施方法,最后讨论了在实操环节中需要注意的问题。     

The timing of openness in a radical innovation project,a temporal and loose coupling perspective

We extend the Profit from Innovation (PFI) framework (Teece, 1986) by combining it with open innovation insights: we explore when and how managers make the transition between closed and open innovation, and how they use appropriation (formal and informal defense mechanisms) and project strategies to capture the value generated from the innovation at the project level. Based on a radical innovation project at Jaguar (UK), we contribute to a process and temporal perspective of open innovation by shedding light on two core project processes and their enabling mechanisms which influenced the ability of Jaguar to maximize profits from the innovation. The first core project process was the choice of timing of the shift from a closed to an open model of innovation: it was enabled by a pro-active change in the formal defense strategy (i.e. submission of a patent), and by an internal loose coupling project strategy that involved autonomy of the project champion and internal engineers’ weak membership in the project. The second core process was an external loose coupling project strategy that was enabled by the deployment of two complementary informal appropriation mechanisms namely, the reduction of the scope of tasks allocated to external partners combined with the development of guarded relationships with them.     

More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level

This study investigates the effect of project-level collaboration breadth (i.e., the number of collaboration partner types) and collaboration depth (i.e., the intensity of the interactions with these partners) on the incremental and radical innovation performance of innovation projects. The econometric analyses, based on a Community Innovation Study sample of 218 innovation projects conducted in German manufacturing companies, reveal inverted U-shaped relationships between collaboration breadth and radical innovation performance and between collaboration depth and incremental innovation performance. These curvilinear effects speak to the high sensitivity of innovation projects to the extent of collaborative activity, which implies that practitioners should exert caution in managing collaborative innovation projects. This study contributes to the understanding of project-level open innovation and to the overall understanding of the performance effects of innovation collaboration, which, following recent assertions in the literature, could be flawed by analyses conducted at the organizational level.     

Social networks and coordination performance of distributed software development teams

In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness.     

Selecting an open innovation community as an alliance partner: Looking for healthy communities and ecosystems

Organizations build strategic alliances with other firms with the intent of tapping into partners’ resources and capturing long-term value from these relationships. Such partnerships are typically governed by contractual or equity arrangements with clear mutual obligations. More recently, however, organizations have begun to seek strategic partnerships with open innovation communities, which are novel digitally enabled forms of organizing, and where contractual commitments are not possible. Thus, selecting the right open innovation community as an alliance partner becomes a more complex decision. We follow how the organizational decision makers, in two technology firms that were pioneers of forming strategic alliances with open innovation communities, developed metrics around making such decisions. We build upon Shah and Swaminathan’s (2008) contingency model of alliance partner selection and consider how it applies to the case of partnering with open innovation communities. This framework was useful in to frame our findings, yet our work recognizes and builds upon two key differences: 1) the evaluation metrics used in selecting an open innovation community were more focused on value creation than value capture; and 2) open ecosystem considerations, and not just partner-specific metrics, featured prominently in this type of alliance partner evaluation. We develop the notions of community and ecosystem health to refer to these new metrics.     

我国学术期刊开放获取政策现状及制定策略研究

【目的】 为我国学术期刊开放获取(Open Access,OA)政策的制定提供建议。【方法】 使用网络调查法和案例分析法,调研国内外学术期刊OA政策现状,分析国内政策的不足及国外政策的经验。【结果】 国内学术期刊OA政策存在政策不健全、政策分散、政策简单等问题;国外学术期刊在版权许可、质量控制、费用、自存储等方面已构建较完备的OA政策体系。【结论】 从建立合作参与的政策模式、完善的政策体系和评估与修订机制三个方面为制定我国学术期刊OA政策提出建议。     

软件项目风险因素与目标实现度关系研究

软件项目中普遍存在着很大的潜在风险和失败可能性,因此必须通过对风险的控制和管理来提高软件项目的成功概率。通过识别和评价软件项目的主要风险因素,找到提高项目目标实现度的有效途径,来提高我国软件项目的成功率和企业竞争力。     

地方电大继续教育发展现状及对策探讨——以亳州电大分校为例

为大力发展继续教育、在地方经济发展中做出更大贡献,在分析亳州电大分校近三年继续教育发展现状的基础上,找出存在问题,并提出地方电大发展继续教育的若干对策：强化系统协作,打造系统品牌;促进学历教育和非学历教育资源的有机整合,形成电大继续教育合力;打破行业壁垒,开拓市场;深化内涵,走可持续发展之路。     

电脑音频制作和音乐录音

随着计算机和多媒体技术的进步,电脑在音乐制作中的作用越来越重要,在DTM工作室中的地位更是突出。随着软件技术的完善,在音频制作方面由过去依赖昂贵的硬件,发展到用软件为主来进行编辑处理,而且更加方便和专业。本文主要针对学校的状况,例如,录制校歌和团体操音乐剪辑等,介绍音乐制作的过程以及录音时的技巧。