CALIS机构知识库：建设与推广、反思与展望

CALIS三期“机构知识库建设及推广项目”,旨在揭示和推广我国高校的学术资源和学术成果,帮助高校发布、共享和保护已形成的知识、科学和文化遗产的数字化资源,并通过聚集和开放获取增加其附加值,进一步促进学术交流.项目建设的目标是建立“分散部署、集中揭示”的全国高校机构知识库.本文从三个方面介绍项目建设情况:①调研、准备和启动等组织实施工作;②技术路线,IR系统功能和服务方式等建设方案;③系统开发,应用部署,标准规范制定,机构知识库资源建设以及机构知识库推广宣传等建设成果.最后就政策支持、模式定位、内容甄选、宣传推广、技术平台等方面提出问题并进行反思和展望.     

A systematic empirical comparison of different approaches for normalizing citation impact indicators

We address the question how citation-based bibliometric indicators can best be normalized to ensure fair comparisons between publications from different scientific fields and different years. In a systematic large-scale empirical analysis, we compare a traditional normalization approach based on a field classification system with three source normalization approaches. We pay special attention to the selection of the publications included in the analysis. Publications in national scientific journals, popular scientific magazines, and trade magazines are not included. Unlike earlier studies, we use algorithmically constructed classification systems to evaluate the different normalization approaches. Our analysis shows that a source normalization approach based on the recently introduced idea of fractional citation counting does not perform well. Two other source normalization approaches generally outperform the classification-system-based normalization approach that we study. Our analysis therefore offers considerable support for the use of source-normalized bibliometric indicators.     

Journal acceptance rates: A cross-disciplinary analysis of variability and relationships with journal measures

There are many indicators of journal quality and prestige. Although acceptance rates are discussed anecdotally, there has been little systematic exploration of the relationship between acceptance rates and other journal measures. This study examines the variability of acceptance rates for a set of 5094 journals in five disciplines and the relationship between acceptance rates and JCR measures for 1301 journals. The results show statistically significant differences in acceptance rates by discipline, country affiliation of the editor, and number of reviewers per article. Negative correlations are found between acceptance rates and citation-based indicators. Positive correlations are found with journal age. These relationships are most pronounced in the most selective journals and vary by discipline. Open access journals were found to have statistically significantly higher acceptance rates than non-open access journals. Implications in light of changes in the scholarly communication system are discussed.     

无人值守参考咨询服务研究

基于咨询经验的网上代理型参考咨询服务系统是不需要咨询员的参与、操纵或干预的系统。系统具有启发式的引导,用户通过与系统的交互可以得到启发和帮助。该系统涉及了参考咨询服务的范式、参考咨询过程模型、信息搜索过程模型、用户精神模型、咨询问题的分类及参考咨询服务的目标层次模型等问题。图3。参考文献9。     

数字保存系统中的信息模型研究

在对OAIS的信息模型进行分析的基础上,研究了CEDARS,DSEP,DIAS等几个数字长期保存系统中信息模型的具体实现问题;认为在构建数字长期保存系统时,有若干问题需要关注。图2。参考文献15。     

网络环境下学术信息的开放存取

开放存取思想迎合了网络时代信息交流的特点,开创了一种新的、高效的交流模式。开放存取包含两层含义:一是指学术信息免费向公众开放;二是指学术信息的可获得性。网络环境下的学术信息开放存取服务有多种类型,如:在线文档发布、科学家与研究组内部的直接交流、通过电子邮件的自由辩论、搜索引擎的索引与检索服务、第三方集成检索服务等。图3。参考文献10。     

Longitudinal Dynamic Analyses of Depression and Academic Achievement in the Hawaiian High Schools Health Survey Using Contemporary Latent Variable Change Models

The scientific literature consistently supports a negative relationship between adolescent depression and educational achievement, but we are certainly less sure on the causal determinants for this robust association. In this article we present multivariate data from a longitudinal cohort-sequential study of high school students in Hawai‘i (following McArdle, 2008; McArdle, Johnson, Hishinuma, Miyamoto, & Andrade, 2001). We first describe the full set of data on academic achievements and self-reported depression. We then carry out and present a progression of analyses in an effort to determine the accuracy, size, and direction of the dynamic relationships among depression and academic achievement, including gender and ethnic group differences. We apply 3 recently available forms of longitudinal data analysis: (a) Dealing with incomplete data—We apply these methods to cohort-sequential data with relatively large blocks of data that are incomplete for a variety of reasons (Little & Rubin, 1987; McArdle & Hamagami, 1992). (b) Ordinal measurement models (Muthén & Muthén, 2006)—We use a variety of statistical and psychometric measurement models, including ordinal measurement models, to help clarify the strongest patterns of influence. (c) Dynamic structural equation models (DSEMs; McArdle, 2008). We found the DSEM approach taken here was viable for a large amount of data, the assumption of an invariant metric over time was reasonable for ordinal estimates, and there were very few group differences in dynamic systems. We conclude that our dynamic evidence suggests that depression affects academic achievement, and not the other way around. We further discuss the methodological implications of the study.     

Procoor: un sistema para estudiar la geometría espacial

Poder desarrollar programas educativos específicos que pretenden enseñar mejor determinados contenidos del curriculum, yendo más allá de las limitaciones del discurso oral o escrito lineales, es una de las grandes virtudes del ordenador. Se presenta aquí un programa experimental de geometría.     

Herramientas de autor para el desarrollo de software educativo

La gran muralla del ordenador para los educadores ha sido que imponía el juego que Goethe achacaba a los matemáticos: lo traducen todo a su idioma y ya se trata de algo distinto inasequible para la generalidad de los mortales. La informática separaba a los educadores de la informática. Los lenguajes «de autor» que traducen las posibilidades del ordenador a pautas de acción expresadas en códigos sencillos y naturales y que sirven para producir cursos, lecciones o didácticas fácilmente, permiten por primera vez que el educador pase a ser protagonista y no el anfitrión de una visita inoportuna, del papel del ordenador en educación.     

远程开放大学校训现状研究

校训是一所学校办学理念、人才培养目标、学风校风的集中体现,是立校兴学的有效途径,许多大学也都因此制定了个性鲜明的校训。远程开放大学作为高等教育的重要组成部分,是实现终身学习、构建学习型社会的重要载体,同样需要制定特色十足的校训。统计与分析显示,全国电大系统的校训建设虽然体现出了终身学习的办学理念、学以致用的人才培养目标、乐学致远的治学风气等特色,但也普遍存在普及和重视不够、特色彰显不足、表征陈旧等现象。在广播电视大学向开放大学转型的过程中,各校应更加重视校训价值、突出校训特色、发挥校训功能,以此构建文化底蕴浓厚、校园氛围清新的新型开放大学。