Test–retest reliability of a battery of field-based health-related fitness measures for adolescents

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of existing tests of health-related fitness. Participants (mean age 14.8 years, s = 0.4) were 42 boys and 26 girls who completed the study assessments on two occasions separated by one week. The following tests were conducted: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate percent body fat, leg dynamometer, 90° push-up, 7-stage sit-up, and wall squat tests. Intra-class correlation (ICC), paired samples t-tests, and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation were calculated. The mean percent body fat intra-class correlation coefficient was similar for boys (ICC = 0.95) and girls (ICC = 0.93), but the mean coefficient of variation was considerably higher for boys than girls (22.2% vs. 12.2%). The boys' coefficients of variation for the tests of muscular fitness ranged from 9.0% for the leg dynamometer test to 26.5% for the timed wall squat test. The girls' coefficients of variation ranged from 17.1% for the sit-up test to 21.4% for the push-up test. Although the BIA machine produced reliable estimates of percent body fat, the tests of muscular fitness resulted in high systematic error, suggesting that these measures may require an extensive familiarization phase before the results can be considered reliable.     

A comparison of anthropometric and training characteristics of Ironman triathletes and Triple Iron ultra-triathletes

Abstract

We examined differences in anthropometry and training between 64 Triple Iron ultra-triathletes competing over 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling, and 126.6 km running, and 71 Ironman triathletes competing over 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling, and 42.2 km running. The association of anthropometry and training with race time was investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. The Triple Iron ultra-triathletes were smaller (P < 0.05), had shorter limbs (P < 0.05), a higher body mass index (P < 0.05), and larger limb circumferences (P < 0.01) than the Ironman triathletes. The Triple Iron ultra-triathletes trained for more hours (P < 0.01) and covered more kilometres (P < 0.01), but speed in running during training was slower compared with the Ironman triathletes (P < 0.01). For Triple Iron ultra-triathletes, percent body fat (P = 0.022), training volume per week (P < 0.0001), and weekly kilometres in both cycling (P < 0.0001) and running (P < 0.0001) were related to race time. For Ironman triathletes, percent body fat (P < 0.0001), circumference of upper arm (P = 0.006), and speed in cycling training (P = 0.012) were associated with total race time. We conclude that both Triple Iron ultra-triathletes and Ironman triathletes appeared to profit from low body fat. Triple Iron ultra-triathletes relied more on training volume in cycling and running, whereas speed in cycling training was related to race time in Ironman triathletes.     

道教对现今中国体育文化的影响

通过对道教的研究和分解认为,道教在很多方面的认知符合科学客观规律,中国体育文化受一定的道教影响而具备独特性。     

人体生理三循态理论在运动训练中的应用研究

根据人体生理三循环理论在运动训练中的应用研究进行评价与总结,为今后的运动训练及相关研究提供全面丰富的信息与便捷高效的途径。     

青少年女子曲棍球运动员准备期研究

以无锡市青少年女子曲棍球队的14名女运动员为研究对象,对2012年训练准备期进行了跟踪监测,应用血液指标和尿常规指标分析评定准备期训练计划和运动负荷安排的科学性,为科学训练提供参考。结果表明,大运动负荷引起运动员出现尿蛋白;运动员的血红蛋白（Hb）浓度的标准差呈逐渐上升的趋势。而平均值稍有下降,未超过10％;WBC超出正常范围,但呈逐渐下降趋势。说明大部分运动员的机体对训练负荷已经适应,曲棍球运动员准备期运动负荷安排较为科学,但运动员身体机能的差异性是在今后制定训练负荷时应考虑的重要因素之一。     

以学生为主体,让思想品德课活起来

思想品德课是对学生进行思想教育的最佳途径,在教学中,我们必须更新观念,凸显学生的主体地位,引导学生积极参与课堂．让思想品德课活起来。     

试析晚清早期驻外公使的遴选机制

遴选机制是晚清驻外公使制度的基本内容之一,对于中国近代外交体系的发展具有重要影响。本文通过对这一机制的考察,认为作为公使选拔方式的荐举制蕴含了复杂的政治派系斗争,而以“体用悉备”作为公使选拔的必要条件则满足了中国社会对外交“通才”的需求,这些都体现了中国近代外交初期非计划性和非职业化的特征。     

播音与主持艺术专业化妆与形体课程教学初探

化妆与形体课程是当前普通高校传媒专业普遍开设的一门课程,它对学生的形象塑造和姿态的养成具有非常重要的意义。而当前高校化妆与形体课程教学中存在诸多乱象,教学模式、教学方法、教育理念和课程设置等方面没有统一的模式。本文作者结合自身多年来对播音主持专业学生的化妆与形体课程教学经验,对学生化妆与形体教学模式进行初探,以求建立一种规范化的教学模式,为播音主持专业发展做出贡献。     

水电站中长期优化调度风险分析及方法研究

本文针对水库调度的风险问题,将均值一次二阶矩法应用于水电站中长期调度的风险分析,并建立起风险分析模型。通过对万家寨水电站进行测试表明,该模型计算结果合理,能为风险决策提供合理可行的途径。     

在历史教学中渗透地方史教育研究——主要以贵州省黔东南州为例

充分开发利用乡土教材和社区课程资源实施素质教育,培养学生人文精神,是中学历史教育的重要目标。但是目前中学历史教学是以统编教材为蓝本的,教学的根本任务就是完成统编教材所确定的教学内容。世界史和中国史内容极其广泛,重要知识点很多,而地方史往往是＂九牛一毛＂、＂沧海一粟＂,甚至不着痕迹。再加上课时的原因、减负的因素、考试的需要等,地方史的教学在传统的教学中往往被忽略。本文就历史教学中渗透地方史教育的理论依据和如何在教学中有效地进行地方史教育提出了自己的看法和方法。