当代大学生心理弹性调查分析

采用Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表中文版(CD-RISC)对532名大学生的心理弹性状况进行调查分析。结果表明:大学生心理弹性总量表及坚韧维度呈现出显著的性别差异,男生得分显著高于女生,而力量和乐观两个维度不存在性别差异;在心理弹性总量表及坚韧、力量、乐观3个维度上,不同年级的大学生得分差异有显著性;大学生心理弹性不存在居住地、学科性质和是否独生子女等的显著性差异。     

乐观品质的价值及其培养的策略探析

随着积极心理学研究的兴起,乐观作为人的一种积极主观体验日益受到心理学界的重视,研究表明,乐观能促进学生的身心健康、能有效应对生活中的各种挫折,并有利于提升其学业成就。面对中学生中存在的悲观倾向,改变其认知,使其归因重组,转变其消极应对方式,增加其成功体验等可以在一定程度上预防和消除其悲观倾向,形成乐观品质。     

Further Testing Hope’s Role in Constructive Conflict Communication

Using three waves of data, this study examined the relationship between dispositional hope and constructive conflict communication (i.e., “voice” behaviors) in adult romantic relationships. The primary goal was to test if dispositional hope directly predicted voice or if the hope–voice link is mediated by the more relationally proximal variable of conflict efficacy. Results of cross-lagged panel model analysis showed that hope directly predicted voice, even when controlling for variables, such as optimism, general self-efficacy, commitment, and alternative forms of conflict communication. Implications for hope theory-based relational interventions and future research of hope and conflict communication are discussed.     

Stability of biases in self-evaluation and relations to well-being among elementary school children

This paper aims to investigate to what extent a bias in self-evaluation is an enduring characteristic among children, and whether there is a relationship between the trajectory of children's self-evaluation bias over a five-year period and their psychosocial adjustment. 462 children (200 boys) in Grade 3 (mean age = 8.6 years old) or Grade 4 (mean age = 9.7 years old) at the outset of the study participated following their parents’ written consent. The group-based approach using a multinomial modeling strategy allowed identifying five groups based on changes in the children's self-evaluation bias over the five-year period. Children in the stable and highly positive bias group stood out as having markedly more positive scores on all indices of psychosocial adjustment, and also outperformed the other children in achievement in language arts and math.     

积极心理学研究综述

积极心理学兴起仅十余年,已经形成一股世界性的研究热潮。整体来看,积极心理学研究主要集中在三个领域：积极情绪体验、积极人格特质和积极的社会组织系统。三个领域研究的发展并不均衡。国内的研究相对比较薄弱,还缺少有国际影响力的成果,本土化的研究有待加强。目前,积极心理学在研究的科学性和研究领域方面都存在不足。尽管如此,积极心理学未来的发展前景还很广阔。     

Causal judgments of positive mood in relation to self-regulation: A case study with Flemish students

To examine students’ causal judgements of positive mood in relation to self-regulation, 128 participants from two different schools representing two distinct educational environments (Technical/Vocational School (TSO/BSO): N = 63; General Secondary School (ASO): N = 65) were asked to judge 45 statements containing three possible relationships (A → B; A ← B; A <> B) for all iterations of 5 constructs associated with positive mood, namely Hope, Optimism, Resilience, Confidence, Persistence, 4 constructs associated with self-regulation, namely Motivation, Social support, Problem-solvingLearning goals, and 1 construct representing Academic performance. Based on a Pareto analysis, mental models were constructed for each school. An analysis of the mental models indicates that all students believe positive mood constructs to be causally related to self-regulation constructs with Academic performance identified as the main driver and Learning goals as the primary outcome for both schools. It is concluded that an appreciation of participants’ causal attributions of positive mood states in relation to self-regulation can present a clearer picture of the conditions under which participants’ causal understanding of positive mood and self-regulation constructs can be activated and used as an interpretive and evaluative framework in learning encounters.