Benchmarking oral reading fluency in the early grades in Nguni languages

To prevent children from falling behind in the developmental sequence of reading, a shared vision of what reading success looks like is required. This paper provides the first benchmarks for early grade oral reading fluency that are necessary (albeit not sufficient) to read for meaning in three Nguni languages – isiZulu, isiXhosa and Siswati - belonging to the Southern Bantu family of African languages. In contrast with previous benchmarking methodologies, our approach is informed by a non-parametric analysis of longitudinal early grade reading assessment (EGRA) data, guided by reading development theory. The EGRA-type data used for this analysis is the largest compilation of data on early grade fluency in these languages, with comparative assessments for nearly 14,200 children. Analysing empirical regularities and reading trajectories, we identify a lower fluency threshold of 20 correct words per minute (cwpm) and an upper fluency benchmark of 35 cwpm for the early grades. These benchmarks contribute to guiding curriculum policy, provide specificity to improve tracking of literacy progress and address gaps in the literature on reading in African languages.     

于细微处见真章——学者口述史采访中的细节问题

口述史学与以文字书写的传统史学在技术路线上固然有所不同,然而有一点却是相同的,这就是历史细节的发掘与描写。历史事件都是由细节构成的,没有细节,就没有可信的历史。文章认为,学者是人类文明的创造者、记录者、传承者,对学者进行口述史采访,尤其应当注重细节发掘。《史记》之所以成为中国历史上一部具有划时代意义的史学巨著,与司马迁特别注重历史细节的记录与描写有关。通过学者口述史采访,我们一方面可以记录历史事件的具体发展过程,还原历史真相,补充第一手珍贵的历史资料;另一方面,还能感受到他们的道德情怀与人文精神,有助于传承与弘扬中华优秀传统文化。文章还结合中国记忆项目实践,介绍了对冯其庸、顾方舟、黄能馥、黄明信等学者进行口述史采访的具体细节。     

六盘水彝族民间口头文学述评

彝族民间口头文学是研究彝族历史文化的重要组成部分。六盘水在贵州省彝族人口仅次于毕节地区,境内的彝族口头民间文学,浩如烟海,形式多样,有民间故事、神话、传说、歌谣、谚语等。呈现出数量多、容量大,体裁多样、艺术性强,文化板块下的地域差异大等特点。     

民族口述历史：少数民族高校图书馆地方文献亟待拓展的领域

口述历史具有史料性质,深受国外图书馆的重视。少数民族高校图书馆地方文献工作若开辟民族口述历史这一领域,既是对民族史料的保护与抢救,也是对少数民族高校图书馆地方文献的补充。参考文献5。     

妈祖信俗口述档案建档范围的确定

最鲜活的妈祖信俗记忆在民间。建档人员可以依据来源的相对可靠性、内容的独特性以及相对价值标准确定妈祖信俗口述档案的建档范围。通过田野调查发现口述主要内容的规律后,凝练出了具体建档范围,并体现为建档类目,可为建档实践提供原则性参考。     

A Review on Salivary Genomics and Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer

Oral cancer has emerged as an alarming public health problem with increasing incidence and mortality rates all over the world. Therefore, the implementation of newer screening and early detection approaches are of utmost importance which could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Sensitive and specific biomarkers for oral cancer are likely to be most effective for screening, diagnosis, staging and follow-up for this dreaded malignancy. Unlike other deep cancers, oral cancer is located in oral cavity. Hence, the direct contact between saliva and oral cancer lesion makes the measurement of tumor markers in saliva an attractive alternative to serum and tissue testing. The DNA, RNA and protein molecules derived from the living cancer cells can be conveniently obtained from saliva. Thus, salivary biomarkers, a non-invasive alternative to serum and tissue-based biomarkers may be an effective modality for early diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring post therapy status. In the current post-genomic era, various technologies provide opportunities for high-throughput approaches to genomics and proteomics; which have been used to evaluate altered expressions of gene and protein targets in saliva of oral cancer patients. The emerging field of salivary biomarkers has great potentials to prove its clinical significance to combat oral cancer. Hence, we have reviewed importance of several salivary genomics and proteomics biomarkers for oral cancer.     

高职院校大学英语课程教学模式探索

本文论述了在高职非英语专业英语口语课堂中,对英语口语分班、分组教学模式的探索,提出了实施课堂分班、分组活动模式背景,原因以及具体方式,能更好地帮助学生发展其语言交际能力并激发更大的学习积极性和创造性。     

有界区域内具有非线性阻尼项可压缩欧拉方程组

运用能量估计研究了带非线性阻尼项等熵欧拉方程组在有界区域中的全局经典解的整体存在性问题。当初始数据在某一常状态附件的小扰动时,证明了经典解整体存在,并得到了该解在大时间以指数衰减的方式趋于常状态的平衡解。     

基于模糊综合评价法的非英语专业硕士生英语口试评分研究

由于现行非英语专业硕士生英语口试易受考官等主观因素影响,其评分方法也存在不足。本文针对非英语专业硕士生英语口试中的模糊性,采用模糊综合评价方法,建立非英语专业硕士生英语口试模糊综合评分的评判模型并进行实证分析。研究表明：非英语专业硕士生英语口试模糊综合评分能有效减少主观因素的影响,且计算方法简单,评判结果更精确。