论会道门文化及其特征

会道门作为明清以来一种独特的社会现象,在它的长期发展过程中形成了特殊的会道门文化。会道门文化属于社会文化和亚文化范畴。它具有封建性、通俗包容性、神秘欺骗性、反叛破坏性等特征。     

立足中国、面向世界的宗教学

习近平总书记在《在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话》(2016年5月17日)中首次把宗教学列为11个需要"加快完善对哲学社会科学具有支撑作用的学科"之一。宗教学在"国家学科分类"里早已是"一级学科",但在"高校学位授予和人才培养学科目录"里却迟迟难以升格,这显然与我国教育界对宗教学的学科建设、特别是高校宗教学教育的认识程度有关。鉴此,在充分论证高校宗教学建设的必要性与重要性的基础上,笔者着重阐发了加强我国高校宗教学建设的"三大着力点",即坚持与发展马克思主义宗教观、扎根并弘扬中国文化传统以及宗教学建设的国际学术视野。本文最后一部分论及的北京大学宗教学专业探索经验,或许也对推进我国高校的宗教学建设有借鉴意义。     

Religion in Chinese education: from denial to cooperation†

In China, from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, it was thought that religion would disappear with the development of society and the freedom not to believe in religion was stressed. During the Cultural Revolution religion became the object of oppression. However, from the end of the Cultural Revolution in the late 1970s to date, the long‐term existence of religion came to be accepted. Searching for cooperation between socialism and religion, ways in which religion could effectively contribute to modernisation began to be put forward. In comparison with the previous situation, the current period is marked by a much more tolerant policy. If one looks at religion in education, first, at the level of legal codes, the separation of public education and religion is extolled based on the rule of separation of religion and state. And, it is clearly forbidden to engage in activities that use religion to interfere with educational activities. This applies to ethnic minorities as well. Second, be this as it may, religion is touched upon at all levels of education. For example, at the level of high school education, the distribution of the three major world religions is explained and many other religions are introduced. Moreover, the culture and customs of some religions are introduced. In higher education, in universities and graduate schools, the Religious Studies major has been created for the training of those in charge of regulating religions as well as scholars. Third, several of the religions recognised by the Chinese government have developed institutions to train personnel. Furthermore, some of these institutions are working in cooperation with institutions of higher education to offer programmes of study. In this way, especially following the end of the Cultural Revolution, cooperation between socialism and religion was sought. And, coexistence with ethnic minority groups, which believe in a number of different religions, was considered. And yet, within school education, the treatment of religion is strictly limited. Only education that aims at a basic knowledge of religion is conducted. There are significant national differences in the relationship between education and religion. It would be fruitful for China to reconsider this relationship, taking account of developments in other countries, in the present situation where the Chinese government has a more tolerant policy towards religion.     

试析福建传统社会中宗教与旅游的关系

宗教与旅游在福建传统社会中的关系处于互动之中。一方面，宗教对旅游的影响极为深刻，它是旅游景观得以营建以及旅游活动得以顺利进行的重要辅助因素。另一方面，宗教反过来也受到旅游活动的逆向影响，宗教适应旅游活动的需要而作出相应的自我调整的情况甚为普遍。此外，游人的社会阶层的不同、身份角色的差异，也影响到传统社会中宗教与旅游的关系。     

方苏雅与“昆明教案”新探

庚子年间,法驻滇领事方苏雅以西南民众仇教、反洋风潮日益高涨亟需"自卫"为由,无视《中法越南边界通商章程》的规定,"强运军火"入滇。中、法方就方苏雅"私携武器"的正当性、武器的存留权问题争执不休,矛盾日益激化,"昆明教案"随即爆发。在整个事件进程中,署理云贵总督丁振铎既暗中鼓励民众掀起反洋风潮,又以"力顾和局"为基,有效地控制着各种反洋势力。     

宗教：跨文化心理学研究一个不可忽视的因素

宗教与文化相互交织,有着千丝万缕的关系。宗教应纳入跨文化研究的原因有四：宗教在人们的生活当中具有重要地位;宗教是健康以及其他跨文化变量的重要指标;宗教可以预测几个重要的跨文化维度;宗教信念和行为受文化因素的影响。在跨文化研究中,应考虑宗教的五维度框架,即意识形态维度、仪式维度、体验维度、知识维度、社会维度。     

彝族原始宗教研究的百科全书——读《彝族原始宗教研究》

彝族原始宗教方面的论著不算少,但全面系统深入有创意的专著不多。近年出版的《彝族原始宗教研究》一书,可谓集彝族原始宗教之大成。该书概括为以下四大特点:内容博大精深,涵盖多学科、多元文化;理论上的概括与创新;资料丰富详实、全面系统;研究方法上有突破与创新。该书不仅为彝族原始宗教的深入研究提供了线索,拓宽了研究空间,而且对促进社会稳定和谐、增进民族团结有着长远意义。     

江西民间宗教演变略述

江西民间宗教的演变大体可以分为三个时期：唐宋时期,摩尼教在江西逐步形成兴盛和延续的局面;宋元时期,白莲教在江西出现发展与分化的趋势;明清时期,多教派产生重兴与分解的现象。文章为了解江西民间宗教的整个演变过程和不同历史时期的特征提供了清晰的脉络。     

妇女成为母系氏族公社中心的原因新探

先民对自身生产(即种的繁衍)的关怀以及他们性知识的极端缺乏,导致了先民把生育之功完全归于妇女,而认识不到男子在生育中的作用,由此产生了最初的以女性为崇拜对象的宗教观念——生殖崇拜,这种宗教观念又导致妇女在先民心目中的地位之崇高,这实际上就是妇女成为母系氏族公社中心的主要的和根本的原因。至于人们通常所说的妇女在生产劳动中占主要地位、“只知其母,不知其父”,虽然也可能是妇女成为母系氏族公社中心的原因．但它们不会是主要的和根本的原因。     

陀思妥耶夫斯基式的拯救

通过对陀思妥耶夫斯基的两部长篇小说《罪与罚》和《白痴》的分析，探讨了他的写作意义。作家试图用《罪与罚》中主人公拉斯柯尼科夫的犯罪与忏悔过程，来说明理性精神对人的戕害，宗教对人的拯救作用；反之，在《白痴》中却通过“圣愚”——梅诗金的毁灭表达出他对宗教的怀疑。由此可见，这两部伟大的作品是陀思妥耶夫斯基对理性与宗教的深沉反思的结果，是他对两均表现出一种怀疑心态的展示。