中国传统文艺鉴赏理论范畴研究论评

近年来学术界关于中国传统文艺鉴赏理论的研究,从总体上看,带有仓促应对的色彩,存在不少弊端。要深化这一研究,最好是选择范畴体系的梳理作为突破口。这既由范畴本身在学科中的地位所决定的,也是由中国传统文艺鉴赏理论的独特表现形式所决定的。但是,在当前情况下,对中国传统文艺鉴赏理论进行范畴体系的梳理确实还存在不少困难。为此,研究者必须树立整体观念、历史观念、核心观念与现代观念。     

心理健康是大学生的重要素质

大学生正处于身心发展的关键时期。面对一系列重大人生课题极易引发心理问题,进而影响到身心发展和健康成才。今天的社会对人才的素质,尤其是心理素质提出了更高的要求。健康稳定的心理状态是形成良好的政治、道德品质的基础和进行学习的前提。心理健康成为大学生的重要素质,必须加强大学生心理素质教育。     

冲突教育视野下的大学生心理健康教育途径研究

冲突是大学生人际交往过程中必然出现的现象,但其负面作用并非无解.将冲突作为教育素材,可有效挖掘学生真正的意愿,明晰学生心理压力的来源,进而为心理健康教育人员提供精准、有效的心理辅导参考依据.以冲突教育为视野,对冲突的教育价值进行深层次的解构.基于心理学视角对大学生冲突行为进行归因分析.基于冲突的教育价值和冲突行为的产生...     

拉动居民消费的行为经济学分析

当前,中国消费率处于低水平并且持续走低,这已成为制约中国经济扩大内需、保持可持续高速增长的重要阻碍。本文运用行为经济学中的损失规避和心理账户理论来分析制约居民消费支出的心理因素,并在理论分析的基础上提出拉动居民消费的对策。     

Whiteboards,Blanket Forts,and Autonomy: Using Self-Determination Theory to Improve Library De-Stress Programming

In recent years, librarians at Valparaiso University have adopted a user-centered programming model, allowing students to choose their own library de-stress programs during finals. After several semesters of using this approach, the authors sought to examine whether students felt a sense of agency in suggesting and voting on programs and whether this agency affected students’ motivation to attend de-stress programs. The authors conducted two focus groups with undergraduate students. Results suggest that most students are more interested in attending programs that they personally suggested or voted for, deriving intrinsic rewards from the autonomy of having their voices heard.     

科技资源共享支撑体系的系统论探析

作为战略性资源的科技资源日益成为提高自主创新能力的基础条件和有力支撑,而优化科技资源配置的重要途径之一是实现科技资源共享,构建科技资源共享的支撑体系更是科技资源共享这一复杂系统工程的重要内容。本文从系统论的角度对科技资源进行了界定,构建了科技资源共享的政府、网络、资金和人才支撑体系框架,并以国家科技基础条件平台建设为例对科技资源共享支撑体系所具有的整体性、层次性、目的性和开放性系统特征进行分析。     

北美情报学理论近20年研究进展

采用系统综述方法对获取的69篇北美情报学理论文献进行开放式编码和进一步的逻辑分析,系统地概括北美情报学理论近20年的研究现状和最新进展。研究表明：①北美情报学理论的研究由相互关联的7个维度构成,这些维度是情报学的基本概念、跨学科理论的引入、情报学哲学理论、情报学研究领域、情报学理论框架、情报学发展、情报学学科特征。②北美情报学理论的优点是理论体系完善、多元性哲学理论共存和研究方法存在思辨与实证相结合。③北美情报学理论的局限性在于多元哲学理论间缺乏整体性分析、持续性研究欠缺和理论框架主题成果不多。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

论教育语境中的正义

本文旨在探讨教育语境中的正义具有什么内涵,以及是否存在一种被证实的关于正义的教育概念。本文并不主张建立一种积极的教育正义概念,而是主张避免把教育当做服务于教育之外的正义规范的工具。因此,本文重点分析了教育中的不正义,并将其在教育系统的不同层面上进行了归类,从而形成了一种有关教育语境中的不正义的教育现象学,这也就是教育现实得以改善的起点。文章最后指出了克服这些不正义的途径。     

论日语词汇学习中认知策略的运用

词汇学习在语言学习中占有十分重要的地位.日语词汇量不足与日语词汇学习的认知策略不足是制约日语学习者词汇拓展的主要因素.因此,在日语词汇学习中,要掌握语义分类策略、特殊记忆策略、联想记忆策略、语境巩固策略以及循环重复策略等认知策略,并建立系统、完整的词汇学习的认知策略结构.这样,才能有效地认知日语词汇,有效地掌握所学词汇.