The role of cultural values in teacher and student self-efficacy: Evidence from 16 nations

Data from a large study (PISA, 2015) involving more than 132,000 children and 22,000 of their teachers, in 16 nations, were used to investigate how teachers convey self-efficacy to students when they teach and whether this is culturally grounded. Using a multilevel data analysis framework, we aimed to: (1) test a path linking teacher and student self-efficacy; (2) examine teaching practices as mediators of the links between teachers and student self-efficacy; (3) evaluate the moderating roles of cultural values on those links. Results indicated that teacher and student self-efficacy were linked indirectly through the use of teaching practices, more strongly through inquiry-based practices. We found cross-cultural differences on the associations between student-perceived teaching practices and student self-efficacy that were moderated by two country-level cultural values: individualism and uncertainty avoidance. This study highlights that, although academic self-efficacy is considered universal, we found cultural differences in its sources and manifestations.     

美国联邦政府2015财年研发经费预算情况、需要关注的方面及启示

根据奥巴马2014年3月提交的2015财年联邦政府预算案,分析美国2015财年研发经费预算的投入结构、主要部门经费分布与研发计划,总结2015财年研发投入的主要特点,以及主要研发投入领域,提出一些需要关注的研发投入方向以及启示。     

基于CSSCI(2014-2015)的我国知识管理领域知识图谱研究

将2010--2015年CSSCI(2014-2015)收录的主题为知识管理的文献作为研究对象,应用CiteSpaceⅢ 软件绘制我国作者被引、研究机构、期刊共被引、文献共被引、关键词共现、研究前沿知识图谱.提出22个核心作者和机构、频次>60次的24个核心期刊,23个热点主题,27个前沿研方向.     

PISA2003问题解决能力测评及启示

PISA2003问题解决能力测评是在问题情景、能力等级、评分等方面形成一个完整的测评体系,具有独特问题解决能力测评设计思路。这对我国的测评有许多启示,我们应明确界定测评的核心概念;立足学生,使测评题目情景化、生活化;完善测评的评分细则。     

ICT水平对学生数字化阅读素养的影响--基于PISA跨国学生评估项目的多层次模型比较

本研究旨在利用PISA2018跨国学生测评数据,通过多层次模型方法系统刻画与评估个体-学校-国家层级的ICT水平对数字化阅读素养的影响路径及其效应。实证研究发现,不仅各层ICT水平对学生数字化阅读素养具有显著正向效应,且不同层级间存在显著的跨层交互调节效应;同时,“一带一路”国家与发达经济体在ICT水平上的发展差距在短期具有拉大数字化阅读素养差距的“马太效应”,但长期来看“一带一路”国家更快的ICT发展速率又将“平抑”技术分层导致的差异固化问题。中国应积极利用自身ICT发展优势,参与全球教育治理,引领“一带一路”沿线国家ICT水平与国民数字化阅读素养的协同发展,为全球教育发展开辟新的发展道路,贡献中国力量。     

The OECD and the local: PISA-based Test for Schools in the USA

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has recently piloted the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)-based Test for Schools in the USA. In this paper, I contend that by connecting directly with local school boards this new initiative has the potential to further promote the OECD's educational agenda in local policy debates. I begin to develop this argument by providing an overview of the OECD and its work. I then lay out a theoretical framework around global governance and knowledge production within the context of the OECD. Next, I provide a brief overview of the traditional PISA study and compare it to the new PISA-based Test for Schools initiative. This context provides the foundation for a discussion of the ways in which a school-based international assessment can operate as a governance tool, allowing international organizations to have greater influence in the formation and implementation of local educational policies.     

PISA在教育政策趋同中的作用：来自瑞士的经验

本文通过阐述教育政策趋同发生的维度与因果机制,提出国际组织在教育政策趋同过程中的特殊作用。在实证上,本文研究了经合组织通过PISA在瑞士中等教育政策制定过程中的作用,透视了跨国交流、规制竞争以及独立问题解决等机制在其中的作用。此外,教育政策趋同可能会冲击发展中国家的教育政策主权和价值,需要辩证看待。     

Good Practice in Science Teaching: What Research has to Say (2nd edn)

The scientific competencies advocated by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) focus on the abilities needed in students' adult lives. This study investigated how such scientific competencies could be improved by using online argumentation. One hundred and thirty-eight 8th grade high school students took part in the study, with 69 in the experimental group and 69 in the control group. A quasi-experimental design was adopted and qualitative and quantitative analyses were used. An online argumentation system served as an aid for argumentation instruction and activities among experimental group students during the experiment. The results showed that using online argumentation could improve the students' scores for the PISA scientific competencies. The experimental group students outperformed their counterparts in terms of overall mean scores for the scientific competencies. On the one hand, the individual competencies of ‘using scientific evidence’ and ‘identifying scientific issues’ of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. On the other hand, the experimental group students did not outperform their counterparts in terms of competency in ‘explaining phenomena scientifically’. Using an online environment to complement argumentation instruction and organizing argumentation activities focused on related topics may be a potential direction to consider for improving students’ PISA scientific competencies.     

What motivates high-school students to pursue STEM careers? The influence of public attitudes towards science and technology in comparative perspective

This study examines the degree of association between students’ STEM occupational expectations and between-country differences in public attitudes toward science and technology (S&T). This study focuses on public attitudes among two different populations: students and adults. Three-level Hierarchical Generalised Linear Models are employed to analyse large-scale international data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Results reveal that public attitudes toward S&T are positively associated with students’ expectations around pursuing STEM careers. Further analyses reveal that the positive association between public attitudes toward S&T and STEM career expectations remains consistent across gender, but that this association varies across performance levels. The positive association between public attitudes toward S&T and STEM career expectations is stronger for low achievers in science than for high achievers. These results advance the scholarly understanding of the ways in which social factors may be associated with students’ choices in pursuing STEM occupations.     

从PISA试测研究实践的视角看我国大规模教育评价改革

学生能力国际评价PISA在教育评价理念、技术、手段和结果报告等方面对我国的大规模教育评价改革都有值得借鉴之处。基于PISA对学生素养、教育整体质量、教育公平评价指标的解析,结合教育部考试中心开展PISA2006中国试测研究实践收获的启示,我国大规模教育评价改革应充分利用现行大规模考试数据评价的资源,建立适合我国国情的教育评价指标体系,关注影响学生成绩差异的相关因素,开展横向对比和纵向追踪研究切实提高教育质量。