Una Antorcha de Esperanza: Mexico and the 1955 Pan-American Games

Abstract

While most equate Mexican Olympism with the 1968 Olympic Games, few know the drama of the event that laid its groundwork. From the creation of the Ministry of Public Education in 1921, cultural and military leaders heavily invested in sports infrastructure to help regenerate its rural masses, but by the 1940s, post-war modernizers sought the hosting of large international athletic events to boost its prestige, foment national pride, and prove to the world it was ready to springboard into modernity. This paper recounts the triumphs, betrayals, corruption, and politics of Pan-American sport and the Olympic movement in Mexico in the 1940s and 1950s that culminated in the improbable success of the 1955 Mexico City Pan-American Games.     

The Decline of the ‘Elite’ Sport Officials and the Dissolution of the Israeli Sport Association

This historical study will examine the rise of a hegemonic group of sports officials in Israel during the period between 1948 and 1996. The formation of this group is a unique phenomenon of the Israeli sport society. The main argument of the study is that officials of rival sport centres, ‘Hapoel’ and ‘Maccabi’, founded a joint elite group as a side effect of the ‘fifty-fifty’ agreement, signed in 1951. The agreement stated that the Israeli Sport Association, the National Olympic Committee and the Israeli Football Association would be mutually led by officials of both organizations. The members of this elite group, who enjoyed access to economic resources and other benefits, adopted a hedonistic lifestyle, in contrast to the social ethos of Israeli society in the first and second decades of the State. Three events dismantled the group in the middle of the 1990s. The first one was the establishment of the Elite Sport Department in 1984. The second was the establishment of independent Federations by Yadin Machnes. The third was the Maliniak Commission Report. These three events led to the collapse of the Israeli Sport Association in 1996 and to the fall of the Israeli hegemonic group.     

公务员"经济人"角色及自利行为调控分析

作为实施国家行政管理活动的国家公务员是政治市场上活动范围最广、管理事务最繁杂的主体,在提供公共物品的供给时同一个具有动机和目标的经济主体一样具有某些经济人的属性,会受利己心的驱动利用手中掌握的公共资源诸如职位、权力、信息、公共服务等来实现自身利益的最大化,其行为存在不同程度的自利性。只有对国家公务员的自利行为进行有效调控才能增强政府的行政能力、提高行政效率。     

建国以来唐山地方史研究的成就

十一届三中全会以后唐山地方史研究出现了全面繁荣的局面。唐山地方党史和革命史、社会主义革命和社会主义建设时期唐山社会历史、唐山历史人物、唐山经济史和文化史、唐山通史、唐山地方志等唐山地方史研究中均取得了丰硕成果。     

Accuracy of activPAL Self-Attachment Methods

This study examined the accuracy of self-attachment of the activPAL activity monitor. A convenience sample of 50 participants self-attached the monitor after being presented with written material only (WMO) and then written and video (WV) instructions; and completed a questionnaire regarding the acceptability of the instructional methods. Participants positioned the monitor lower than the instructed position on the thigh (WMO ?5.15 ± 2.75 cm, WV ?4.16 ± 2.15 cm; p = .008 difference) and approximately 2 cm laterally from the thigh midline (WMO 1.90 ± 0.92 cm; WV 2.08 ± 1.24 cm). The orientation of the device was positioned correctly along the midline (within < 1° of vertical). Acceptability was high for both instructional methods although preference was shown for the WV instruction. In conclusion, participants consistently self-attached the activPAL close to the intended placement with either instructional method. The addition of video instruction produced a slightly more accurate attachment and was preferred by the participants.     

基于计划行为理论的高职学生入党意愿和行为的影响因素研究

基于计划行为理论,引入个人特征变量,构建了高职学生入党意愿和行为影响因素的理论模型,研究了高职学生入党的态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和政治面貌对其入党意愿和行为的影响。研究结果表明,知觉行为控制、行为态度、主观规范均能正向影响高职学生的入党意愿和行为,作用力依次减弱;高职学生政治面貌能够通过行为态度和知觉行为控制对入党意愿和行为产生间接影响。     

"人类灵魂工程师"考辨

本文剖析了“人类灵魂工程师”这一教师隐喻的政治哲学渊源,探讨了在现代中国的政治文化情境中塑造一代新人的教育机制,指出中国社会兼具规训社会与榜样社会的双重特征,并分析其道德教育的不同策略,最后点明在现代性之后此论题的现实立意。     

认知行为疗法的一例个案研究

本研究首先概略地介绍了认知行为疗法的基本理论观点、咨询方法和适用症。随后详细介绍了运用认知行为疗法进行心理咨询的一例个案。最后对认知行为疗法与精神分析法、行为疗法进行了比较,分析了认知行为疗法的不足之处,提出了一种与精神分析法两者结合咨询的思考。     

亲社会行为的动机理论

研究者们在广泛吸收有关亲社会行为研究成果的基础上,结合各自多年的研究,提出了多种较为全面、深刻的亲社会行为动机理论,旨在揭示亲社会行为发生发展的心理机制。文章扼要解释了研究者们所提出的亲社会行为的动机理论,并作简要评论。     

借鉴国外经验,构建约束、激励机制

如何充分发挥经营者的经营管理才能?如何针对企业管理人员的行为特征建立有效的约束、激励机制,从而解决经理激励机制不力、约束机制不健全的问题,是提高经济活动运行的效率、调动人们积极性的动力机制问题。调动积极性,一要靠激励,二要靠约束,为此,必须建立所有者对经理的约束、激励机制,实现资产的保值增值。