关于唐代固始移民史的研究取向

鉴于唐代固始移民史的研究现状,本文提出延伸性和精细化研究取向,据此确立唐代固始移民史的独特价值和应有地位。所谓延伸性研究,就是将固始移民入闽迁台视为一个整体,用整体史观书写唐代固始移民通史,完成固始移民入闽迁台的史实重建,进而考察唐代固始移民对福建社会的直接影响和对台湾社会的间接影响;精细化研究,包括史实重建和对相关历史文化现象的厘清,意在将唐代固始移民史研究引向深入。     

‘If it weren’t for my mum…’: the influence of Australian Indigenous mothers on their children’s aspirations to teach

This article draws upon data from semi‐structured interviews with Australian Indigenous teachers to explore the role their mothers played in shaping their decisions to become teachers. The findings suggest that their mothers’ emotional involvement and investment in their sons’ and daughters’ education generated significant reserves of emotional capital upon which the teachers drew. Such capital, expressed by their mothers in a variety of ways, including encouragement, coercion and anger, motivated and inspired them to complete their schooling, to consider teaching as a profession and to take out teaching degrees, often in the face of enormous challenges and barriers. They understood teaching as presenting opportunities for their own upward class mobility as well as the chance for them to bring about social change for Indigenous people in general. I conclude by arguing the need to reconsider the dominant discourses in Australia around the aspirations of Indigenous mothers in regards to their children’s education and I also raise issues for further consideration and research.     

19世纪纽约外来移民犯罪辨析

19世纪中后期，美国纽约城市犯罪问题严重。美国流行的观点是：移民是犯罪的根源；国内学认为移民犯罪率低于土生美国人。本通过对纽约市移民犯罪事实的分析，指出城市犯罪的原因和外来移民人口有一定的联系，但不是根本的原因。纽约移民犯罪问题的辨析不仅关系到如何准确评价移民的历史地位，而且对于我国外来人口犯罪和管理具有积极的借鉴意义。     

A sex education programme for mothers in Iran: Does preschool children’s sex education influence mothers’ knowledge and attitudes?

Mothers have an important role to play in teaching their children about sexual issues and shaping children’s sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. In many cases, however, mothers themselves need help and support. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a sex education programme on the knowledge and attitudes of the mothers of pre-school children. Eighty mothers of pre-school children were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received an education and training programme delivered over two 2-h sessions. The control group received no such intervention. Researcher-constructed knowledge and attitude questionnaires were completed by both groups before and one month after the intervention. Findings showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of knowledge and attitudes before the training. After the education and training intervention, however, there was a significant increase in the mean score for both knowledge and attitudes in the experimental group compared to the control group. Study findings suggest that the sex education programme for the mothers of pre-school children can improve their knowledge and attitudes.     

‘It’s the best thing I’ve done in a long while’: teenage mothers’ experiences of educational alternatives

Pregnant and mothering schoolgirls have been identified as an educationally vulnerable group. Many are not welcomed in their mainstream schools and as a consequence, access a range of educational alternatives. This article presents the views and experiences of 14 young women in the English Midlands, who became pregnant while still of statutory school age, 12 of whom spent time in alternative educational settings. It is based on data gathered from repeat interviews over an 18-month period and shows that all who attended the educational alternatives rated them highly and benefitted from what they had to offer. Using the concept of ‘difference’ as a central analytic theme, the article examines how and why this was the case. The analysis shows that it was through recognising some differences but not others that the educational alternatives were successful in supporting young women’s learning and well-being. Importantly, those that were recognised were done so in non-stigmatising ways. The research also highlights some limitations of the alternatives, alongside the ways in which gender and class continue to impact the educational outcomes and career trajectories of this particular group of students.     

‘We dominate the basement!’: how Asian American girls construct a borderland community

This article, based on two years of ethnographic fieldwork, explores the ways in which eight Asian American immigrant high school girls construct a borderland community, which they call the ‘Basement Group,’ after the place where they gather at school. While the girls struggle with displacement in the borderlands, including isolation in their family homes and alienation in formal classes, they have sufficient creativity and improvisational skills to invent a borderland community where they can reject mainstream values and beliefs as well as affirm diversity and cultural hybridity. Examining the possibilities and constraints of youth-led space, this article reveals the otherwise unseen sense of belonging, desires, and capacities of these Asian American immigrant girls who navigate lives in-between multiple nation states, cultures, and traditions. The article illuminates the power and possibilities of youth-created spaces that reflect the strengths, assets, and possibilities that marginalized immigrant youth possess.     

试论美国文化多元性的成因与特征

美国文化从它的创造主体分析是一种移民文化。它在美国经过初步形成、成熟定型进入当前的多元文化发展阶段。美国移民的多“源”性决定了这种文化在民族认同基础上具有鲜明的多元性。影响移民文化形成发展的三个主要要素是：移民祖籍国的文化传统，移民与新环境的斗争以及在此过程中不同族裔移民的融合。它对美国的双重影响，既有“海纳百川”的包容性与杂交性，也可以成为某些美国社会问题产生的文化因素。     

“粮贱工贵”——清代新疆粮食价格与工钱反差探析

清代新疆地区屯垦事业得到了发展,与之相应的是出现了"粮贱工贵"的现象,"粮贱工贵",一方面可以吸引劳动力到关外,促进边疆开发,另一方面,粮贱伤农,工贱伤工,对新疆经济的进一步发展,也存在着制约因素。     

异域书写下的他者存在——评严歌苓新移民小说中的美国形象

严歌苓是当代海外华文文学创作的重要作家之一,关于美国移民故事的书写是其创作的一个重要方面。在新移民小说中,严歌苓描绘了丰富多样的美国形象,在对美国“他者”形象的观照中,折射出“自我”的形象。严歌苓站在移民的边缘立场上,以女性特有的细腻情思感恬,来关注东西两种异质文明之间的相遇、碰撞和交流,通过对美国异域体验下的独特感受、文化差异下的他者存在、跨文化交流中的自我和他者的认识,展示出对自我和他者共同规范之上的超越。