要讲究并追求校报的版面功能

报纸的版面 ,是体现报纸宣传方向、思想内容的载体 ,也是显现编辑水平的一个重要方面 ,为此 ,要讲究并追求版面功能的最大发挥。校报版面具有评价功能、导读功能和审美功能。虽然版面的容量和空间是有限的 ,但一篇篇稿件在版面上所处的位置、占据的面积、标题的大小、独特的装饰与线条等 ,都可以体现编辑的思想 ,反映报纸的宣传方向 ,同时也能吸引读者的注意和兴趣 ,激发读者的审美情趣     

Skills utilisation at work,the quality of the study programme and fields of study

This paper examines the factors that may have impact on the extent to which the knowledge and skills of master’s degree graduates in Norway are utilised at work, three years after graduation. The focus is on the impact of the quality of the study programme as well as the graduates’ fields of study, when also taking into account other factors influencing the utilisation of skills. The analysis indicates that the quality of the study programme has an independent effect on skills utilisation at work. The analysis also shows large differences in skills utilisation according to fields of study, even among graduates who are not formally overeducated for their job. Not formally overeducated graduates in humanities and social science utilise their knowledge and skills less frequently than other similar graduates. The findings involve challenges for higher education institutions and graduates, as well as employers, to find ways that the expertise of master's degree graduates could be better exploited.     

Professional skills development in a resource-poor setting: the case of pharmacy in Malawi

The dominance of the human capital approach in vocational skills development has been increasingly questioned for being de-humanised and de-contextualised. Contrary to this trend, the discourse in health professional skills development has shown increasing enthusiasm for consolidating this existing paradigm. To debate whether professional skills development should indeed be insulated from such scepticism, this paper examines one strategy adopted by the health professions. Called ‘task shifting’, this strategy involves re-delegating professional tasks to nonprofessional cadres according to a skills-based toolkit. Challenging the context-free approach to using this toolkit, this paper presents ethnographic evidence derived from a case study of pharmacy workforce issues in Malawi. It was found that task shifting was inhibited by a perception barrier about the moral and intellectual superiority of the pharmacists. Pharmacy technicians were judged to be unfit for a professional task because of a perceived lack of professional status, power and ethics. On tracing the origin of the inherent professional prowess assigned to the pharmacists, it was found that professionalism was an ideology borrowed from external sources, inter alia, colonial legacies and global health governance. This study exposes our hidden assumption about an axiomatic transferability of Anglo-American skills development models to a postcolonial, aid-dependent context. This paper therefore suggests redefining this toolkit by bridging health research into dialogue with non-health disciplinary concerns such as postcolonialism and aid-dependence. In conclusion, it argues that professional skills development is context-laden; and in need of a human-centred approach that involves true indigenous participation–challenges not unlike those faced by the vocational skills discourse.     

“Falling into disuse”: the rise and fall of Froebelian mathematical folding within British kindergartens

ABSTRACT

This article aims to present the transformations as well as the decline of the Froebelian occupation of paper folding that took place in Great Britain between 1851 and the 1920s. Froebel’s original intention was to transmit implicit mathematical knowledge to be learnt by means of folding several shapes. In contrast to his account of paper folding, which presented it as a way of understanding several abstract mathematical concepts, the manner in which this occupation was re-conceptualised in Great Britain tells a different story. After surveying the changes in the British conception of Froebelian ideas in the second half of the nineteenth century through the various published manuals, I then explore the period between 1892 – the opening of the Froebel Educational Institute – and 1924. Looking at the examination syllabi of the National Froebel Union, the examination papers, and their various appendices, as well as studying the approaches of the British mathematical community to folding at the end of the nineteenth century, the article will try to illuminate – via the inspection of the decline of mathematical education via folding in kindergartens – how formal work became discredited and eventually, in part, disappeared.     

论“金针暗度”技法的审美意蕴

金针暗度作为诗文谋篇布局的一种重要方法,在文学作品中大量运用,具有特殊的艺术魅力,理应成为我们关注的课题。从文学评点史料出发,重点探讨评点家对金针暗度的批评指涉予以言说,其审美意蕴表现为:委婉含蓄,曲尽人意;轻笔点染,妙阐幽微;秘移潜换,巧妙布局。     

远程临床医学技能培训的实现

目前医学教育中的临床技能培养存在要求高、难度大、实践机会少等问题。虚拟现实、视音频、多媒体及计算机网络等技术的发展,为临床医学技能培养提供了一条新的途径。基于新疆生产建设兵团医疗现状和发展规划构建的远程医学临床技能培训平台,就远程教育与医学教育的结合进行探索,依托优质医学资源,利用卫星网络、互联网络和VPN专网以及现代信息技术,实现远程医学教育、协同诊断、手术观摩、三维虚拟手术实验等功能,缩短了医学院学生、各类医务人员从理论学习到临床具体操作的时间,提升了整体的临床技能综合水平。     

高校学业考试试题编制的质疑、实践与改革——以《课程与教学论》为例

高校学业考试对于高校人才培养有着积极的导向作用,而试题编制作为学业考试的重要环节,对于人才培养的导向作用尤为明显。目前的高校学业考试在试题编制方面普遍存在着缺失理性思维与系统设计的问题,已不能适应培养创新人才的客观需要。文章以"课程与教学论"课程试题编制的实践探索为个案,对于新型试题编制所应当包括的理论学习、实践运用及反思感悟三个部分进行了详细阐释,并提出了高校学业考试试题编制的改革思路。     

Decisional Regret Theory: Reducing the Anxiety About Uncertain Outcomes During Group Decision Making Through Shared Counterfactual Storytelling

People want to live in a predictable world, yet regularly face uncertain outcomes from decision choices. Here, a decision-making theory of communication is proposed. Faced with decisions, people experience anxiety as they anticipate choice-regret. The communicative dynamic of Decisional Regret Theory (DERT) is the production, sharing, and reconstruction of predecisional imaginary narratives that allow alternative decisional outcomes to be anticipated. DERT predicts a type of shared communication (counterfactual storytelling) under specific circumstances (anticipation of making a meaningful decision). It further predicts listener responses: (a) reproducing the story, (b) altering the story, (c) creating an alternative story, or (d) disconfirming the story. Exemplars of counterfactual communication during jury decision making are offered, together with a model describing the emergence of group counterfactual storytelling.     

Exploring the competencies of information professionals for knowledge management in the information institutions of Bangladesh

The aim of the study is to explore the views of information professionals for knowledge management (KM) in the libraries/information institutions of Bangladesh.

This paper seeks to address the following research questions: How the information professionals of Bangladesh perceive the views of KM? What are likely to be the skills required by the information professionals of Bangladesh for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh? and what are likely to be the critical success factors for encouraging KM in the information institutions of Bangladesh?

The methodology includes a quantitative approach. The study has been conducted through a survey using a pre-structured questionnaire. A short and structured questionnaire was sent to 50 information professionals who had been working in different libraries in Bangladesh through email and/or by postal mail. The respondents were selected from six divisions of Bangladesh (25 respondents from Dhaka division, 5 each in Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barishal and Sylhet divisions). Out of the 50 individuals sent the survey we received 30 responses, for a response rate 60%.

The results of the study show that that 93.24% of the respondents first read about KM in the literature, but none had taken any courses on KM. Only 6.76% of the respondents had attended a workshop on KM. Findings also yield most professionals believed that several competencies including those in: communication, facilitation, coaching, mentoring, networking, negotiating, consensus building, and team working were essential for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. This paper also suggests some critical success factors for encouraging the information professionals to KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. It investigates the original views of the library and information professionals of Bangladesh regarding the skills and competences of information professionals for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh.

The department of Information Science and Library Management of Dhaka University and Rajshahi University should introduce KM course(s) either in the graduate level or in the post-graduate level.     

Sex,Lies, and Newspapers

Three characteristics describe the bibliographic activities of the United States Newspaper Program (USNP). Participants catalog and inventory all newspapers published and held in the United States and its territories. The Program is primarily a retrospective cataloging and union list project. Newspaper files are incomplete and are scattered across the country. Defined by these characteristics, the Program has limited funds and a time in which to catalog and inventory the nation's newspapers. The Newspaper Cataloging and Union Listing Manual, the third such manual published for the United States Newspaper Program, attempts to facilitate the work of state newspaper projects characterized by the challenges of conducting a comprehensive inventory, the opportunity afforded by retrospective cataloging and union listing, and the mysteries of cataloging less-than-full runs. This article contains no information about sex. Judgement on truth is the prerogative of the reader.